助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解.docx
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助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解.docx
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助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解
阅读理解(每题3分,共30分)—-第一套
(一)
Bargainingingoodfaithisthecornerstoneofeffectivelabormanagementrelations.Itmeansthatbothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate。
Itmeansthatproposalsarematchedwithcounterproposalsandthatbothpartiesmakeeveryreasonableefforttoarriveatanagreement。
Itdoesnotmeanthateitherpartyiscompelledtoagreetoaproposal。
Nordoesitrequirethateitherpartymakeanyspecificconcessions。
Whenisbargainingnotingoodfaith?
AsinterpretedbytheNLRBandthecourts,aviolationoftherequirementforgoodfaithbargainingmayincludethefollowing:
1.Surfacebargaining。
Thisinvolvesmerelygoingthroughthemotionsofbargainingwithoutanyrealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.
2.Concession.Althoughnooneisrequiredtomakeaconcession,thecourt'sandNLRB’sdefinitionsofgoodfaithsuggestthatawillingnesstocompromiseisanessentialingredientingoodfaithbargaining.
3.Proposalsanddemands。
TheNLRBconsiderstheadvancementofproposalsasapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith。
4.Dilatorytactics.Thelawrequiresthatthepartiesmeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”。
Obviously,refusaltomeetatallwiththeuniondoesnotsatisfythepositivedutyimposedontheemployer。
5.Imposingconditions。
Attemptstoimposeconditionsthataresoonerousorunreasonableastoindicatebadfaithwillbescrutinizedbytheboard。
6.Unilateralchangesinconditions。
Thisisviewedasastrongindicationthattheemployerisnotbargainingwiththerequiredintentofreachinganagreement.
7.Bypassingtherepresentative.Anemployerviolatesitsdutytobargainwhenitrefusestonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentative.Thedutyofmanagementtobargainingoodfaithinvolves,ataminimum,recognitionthatthisstatutoryrepresentativeistheonewithwhomtheemployermustdealinconductingbargainingnegotiations.
8.Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiations。
Suchpracticesmayreflectpoorlyuponthegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.
9.Providinginformation。
Informationmustbesuppliedtotheunion,uponrequest,toenableittounderstandandintelligentlydiscusstheissuesraisedinbargaining。
10.Bargainingitems.Refusaltobargainonamandatoryitem(onemustbargainoverthese)orinsistenceonapermissiveitem(onemaybargainoverthese)isusuallyviewedasbadfaithbargaining.。
1。
Bargainingingoodfaithdoesnotmeanthat。
A.bothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate
B.proposalsareinlinewithcounterproposals
C。
bothpartiesmakegreatefforttoreachanagreement
D。
eitherpartymustagreetoaproposal
2。
AccordingtotheinterpretionoftheNLRBandthecourts,bargainingmaybeingoodfaithwhen。
A。
Bothpartieshavenorealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.
B.Bothpartiesarewillingtocompromise。
C。
Employersrefusetomeetwiththeunion.
D.Bothpartiesattempttoimposeunreasonableconditions。
3。
Whichofthefollowingisn'tapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith?
。
A.awillingnesstocompromise
B。
theadvancementofproposals
C.unilateralchangesinconditions
D.providinginformation
4.Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethat。
A.Itisn’tmandatorytomeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”forbothparties。
B。
Employerscanrefusetonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentativeinordertobargainingoodfaith.
C。
Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiationsmayreflectlittlegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.
D。
Insistenceonapermissiveitemcanbringbargainingingoodfaith.
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe。
A。
whatisandwhenisnotbargainingingoodfaith
B。
whatisbargainingingoodfaith
C.whenisnotbargainingingoodfaith
D。
howtobargainingoodfaith
Answer:
1.D2。
B3。
C4.C5。
A
(二)
Fewer18-to25-year-oldsareenteringtheworkforce;thishascausedmanyemployerstolookinto“harnessingAmerica'sgraypower”.Isitpracticalintermsofproductivitytokeepolderworkerson?
Theanswerseemsunequivocablytobe“yes”.Age-relatedchangesinphysicalability,cognitiveperformance,andpersonalityhavelittleeffectonworker'soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks.Similarly,creativeandintellectualachievementsdonotdeclinewithageandabsenteeismdropsasageincreases。
Olderworkersalsousuallydisplaymorecompanyloyaltythanyouthfulworkers,tendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsandsupervision,andcanbetrainedorretrainedaseffectivelyasanyone.
RecruitingandattractingolderworkersgenerallyrequiresacomprehensiveHRretireeeffortbeforetherecruitingbegins。
Theaimistomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork。
Specifically:
Examineyourpersonnelpolicies.Checktomakesurepoliciesandproceduresdonotdiscouragerecruitmentofseniorsorencouragevaluableolderpeopletoleave.
Developflexibleworkoptions.Theseincludepart—time,shorter-than-30-hourworkweeks,consultingorseasonalwork,reducedhourswithreducedpay,andflextime。
Createorredesignsuitablejobs.AtXerox,unionizedhourlyworkersover55with15yearsofserviceandthoseover50with20yearsofservicecanbidonjobsatlowerstressandlowerpaylevelsiftheysodesire.
Offerorredesignsuitablejobs。
Allowingemployeestopickandchooseamongbenefitoptionscanbeattractivetoolderaswellasyoungeremployees。
Asoneexpertputsit,torecruitolderworkers,themessagemustbetailoredtotheirwayofthinking。
Appealingtojobqualitiestheyvaluewillattractattention.Theseincludeflexiblehours,flexiblebenefits,autonomy,opportunitytomeetnewfriends,andworkingwithpeopletheirownage。
Youmightalsostressthatyouvaluetheirmaturityandexperience.
1.Whichoftheage-relatedchangeswillaffectworker’soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks?
.
A.physicalability
B.cognitiveperformance
C.personality
D.companyloyalty
2.“HarnessingAmerica’sgraypower,”meansthat.
A.keepingolderworkerson
B。
recruiting18-to25—year-olds
C.attractingminorities
D.encouragingwomentoentertheworkforce
3。
Inordertomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork,HRstaffshoulddothefollowingexcept.
A。
examinethepersonnelpolicies
B。
developflexibleworkoptions
C.rewardatlowerpaylevels
D.offerorredesignsuitablejobs
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisn'taflexibleworkoption?
.
A。
shorter-than-30—hourworkweeks
B。
full—time
C.seasonalwork
D。
reducedhourswithreducedpay
5。
Fromthispassage,wecaninferthat.
A。
InAmerica,thereisnodeficitofworkforce。
B。
Absenteeismispositivelyrelatedtoages.
C.Flexibleworkoptionscanbeattractivetoolderworkers。
D.Torecruitolderworkers,themessageneedn’tbeinaccordancewiththeirwayofthinking.
Answer:
1.D2.A3。
C4。
B5.C
阅读理解(每题3分,共30分)—-第二套
(一)
Japanesemanagementgivesagreatdealofattentiontoorientationandtraining,whichisparticularlytrueinthecaseofregularemployees。
Pre—employmenteducationgenerallystartsimmediatelyafterthepersonischosen。
Thepurposeoftheprogramisto(a)familiarizethestudentwiththecompany;(b)monitortheperson’sactivities;(c)makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany;(d)answerquestionsthepersonmighthave;and(e)providethenewhirerswithanybasicskillstrainingthecompanyfeelstheyrequire。
Theappraisalandcompensationsystemislong-terminorientationandisbasedonrewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime。
IntheUnitedStatesemployeescommonlyreceiveanannualappraisalthatindicateswhetherornottheyaredoingagoodjoband,ifnot,providesfeedbackrelatedtoimprovingperformanceorseekingemploymentelsewhere.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa7—10yearperiod.Atthispointthepersonlearnswhetherornotheorsheisgoingtobepromoteduptheranksofmanagementornot.Thosewhofailthisfirstmajorevaluationknowthattheirchancesofmakingthetopmanagementranksarevirtuallynil.
CompensationinJapanusedtobebasedheavilyonseniority,buttodaymeritisbecomingmoreimportant。
Inmanyindustriestheannualraiseisinthe2-4percentrangeandoftenisbasedheavilyonmeritfactorssuchasattitude,ability,andcooperativeness。
AnotherfeaturethatdistinguishestheJapanesesystemformmanyothersisthesemiannualbonusorwageallowance.Thisbonusisseparatefromtheannualwageincreaseand,usuallywithoutexception,ispaideveryyearregardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.Thebonusistypicallyequivalentto5-6months’salaryandispaidinmidsummerandattheendoftheyear。
Otherformsofcompensationincludehousingallowances,dailylivingsupportfortransportation,meals,uniforms,healthcare,andculturalandrecreationalbenefits。
1。
Thepurposesofpre—employmenteducationinJapandon’tinclude。
A.familiarizingthestudentwiththecompany
B。
monitortheperson’sactivities
C.makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany
D.providethenewhirerswithanyknowledgeandskills
2。
TheappraisalandcompensationsysteminJapanisbasedon.
A.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime
B.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboverayear
C。
rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboveralongtime
D.rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboverayear
3.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa
yearperiod。
A.5-10
B.7—10
C.10—12
D。
10—15
4.AboutcompensationinJapan,theauthorwoulddisagreethat.
A。
CompensationinJapanarebasedheavilyonmerittoday.
B。
Meritfactors
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