新视野大学英语2 Unit 6.docx
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新视野大学英语2 Unit 6.docx
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新视野大学英语2Unit6
Unit6
SectionA
Pre-readingActivities
FirstListening
Pleaselistentoashortpassagecarefullyandpreparetoanswersomequestions.
SecondListening
Listentothetapeagain.Thenanswerthefollowingquestionswithyourownexperiences.
1)Whataresomeofthewaysnamescanmakeadifference?
2)Inwhatwaycanteachersbeguiltyofnameprejudice?
3)Whatdoesthewritersuggestyoudoifyournamedoesnotsuityou?
AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!
Forherfirsttwenty-fouryears,she'dbeenknownasDebbie—anamethatdidn'tsuithergoodlooksandelegantmanner."MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldbeacook,"shecomplained."Ijustdon'tfeellikeaDebbie."
Oneday,whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,theyoungwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie."ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid,"shesaysnow."AssoonasIstoppedcallingmyselfDebbie,Ifeltmorecomfortablewithmyself...andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously."Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditor.FriendsandassociatescallherLynne.
Naturally,thenamechangedidn'tcauseDebbie/Lynne'sprofessionalachievement—butitsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidencetohertalents.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou'recalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem."…Ashisnameis,soishe..."saystheBible,andWebster'sDictionaryincludesthefollowingdefinitionofname:
"awordorwordsexpressingsomequalityconsideredcharacteristicordescriptiveofapersonorathing,oftenexpressingapprovalordisapproval."Notewell"approvalordisapproval".Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserve,plainnessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.
Namesbecomeattachedtospecificimages,asanyonewho'sbeencalled"aplainJane"or"justanaverageJoe"canshow.ThelatternameparticularlybothersmesincemynameisJoe,whichsomethinkmakesmemorequalifiedtobeabaseballplayerthan,say,anartcritic.Yet,despitethisdisadvantage,Ididmanagetobecomeanartcriticforatime.Evenso,oneprominentmagazineconsistentlyrefusedtoprint"Joe"inmyby-line,usingmyfirstinitials,J.S.,instead.IsuspectthatifIwereamorerefinedArthurorAdrian,thenamewouldhaveappearedcomplete.
Ofcourse,nameswithapositivesensecanworkforyou,evenencouragenewacquaintances.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemostattractivefemalename,whilewomenbelievedRichardandDavidwerethemostattractiveformen.OnewomanIknowturneddownablinddatewithamannamedHarrybecause"hesoundeddull".Severaleveningslater,shecameuptomeataparty,pressingforanintroductiontoaveryimpressiveman;they'dbeenexchangingglancesallevening."Oh,"Isaid."YoumeanHarry."Shewasillatease.
Thoughmostofuswouldliketothinkourselvesfreefromsuchprejudicednotions,we'reallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.Confess:
Wouldn'tyoubesurprisedtomeetacarpenternamedNigel?
AphysicistcalledBertha?
APopeMel?
Often,weprojectname-basedstereotypesonpeople,asonewomanfrienddiscoveredwhiletakingchargeofanursery-school'sgroupoffour-yearolds."ThereIwas,tryingtogetalittleactiveboynamedJuliantositquietlyandreadabook—andpushingathoughtfulcreaturenamedRorytoplayball.Ihadtheirpersonalitiesconfusedbecauseoftheirnames!
"
Apparently,suchprejudicescanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.InastudyconductedbyHerbertHarariofSanDiegoStateUniversity,andJohnMcDavidofGeorgiaStateUniversity,teachersgaveconsistentlylowergradesonessaysapparentlywrittenbyboysnamedElmerandHubertthantheyawardedtothesamepaperswhenthewriter'snamesweregivenasMichaelandDavid.However,teacherprejudiceisn'ttheonlysourceofclassroomdifference.Dr.ThomasV.BusseandLouisaSeraydarianofTempleUniversityfoundthosegirlswithnamessuchasLinda,Diane,Barbara,Carol,andCindyperformedbetteronobjectivelygradedIQandachievementteststhandidgirlswithlessappealingnames.(Acompanionstudyshowedgirls'popularitywiththeirpeerswasalsorelatedtothepopularityoftheirnames—althoughtheconnectionwaslessclearforboys.)
Thoughyourparentsprobablymeantyournametolastalifetime,rememberthatwhentheypickeditthey'dhardlymetyou,andthehopesanddreamstheyvaluedwhentheychoseitmaynotmatchyours.Ifyournamenolongerseemstofityou,don'tdespair;youaren'tstuckwiththelabel.Moviestarsregularlychangetheirnames,andwithsomedetermination,youcan,too.
Words:
752
NEWWORDS
elegant
a.tastefulinappearanceormanner优雅的,文雅的,精致的
application
n.1.[U,C]officialrequest申请,请求
2.[U,C]actofputtingatheory,discovery,etc.topracticaluse应用,使用,运用
substitute
vt.putorusesb./sth.toreplacesb./sth.else代替,替换,代用
vi.actorserveasareplacement代替,代用
n.[C]apersonorthingthatreplaces,actsfororservesassb.orsth.else代理人,代替的人,代用品,代用物
naturally
ad.1.ofcourse;asmightbeexpected当然,预料中地
2.bynature天性,天生
confidence
n.1.[U]feelingofcertainty;trustinone'sownability信心,自信
2.[U]trust(insb.,insb.'sability,orinwhatissaid,reported,etc.)信赖,信任,相信
self-confidence
n.[U]trustinoneself;trustinone'sownabilities自信
talent
n.1.[C,U]specialorgreatability天才,才能
2.[U]peoplewhohave(a)talent有才干的人,人才
bible
n.1.[U](B-)《圣经》
2.[C]anyofficialbooksupportedbyauthorities公认为权威的典籍
definition
n.1.[C]astatementthatgivestheexactmeaning(ofwords,etc)定义,释义
2.[U]clearnessofshape,sound,color,etc.清晰度
characteristic
a.representative特有的,独特的
n.[C]aspecialquality特点,特征
approval
n.[U]feelingorshowingorsayingthatonethinkssth.isgoodorsatisfactory赞成,同意,批准,认可
disapproval
n.[U]feelingthatsth.orsb.isbadorwrong,etc.反对,不赞成
reserve
n.1.[U]thehabitofnotshowingone'sfeelingsorthoughts矜持,拘谨
2.[C,U]thingkeptforlateruse留待以后用的东西,储备量
vt.1.keepsth.foraparticularpurposeortime保留,留出,储备
2.order(seats,accommodation,etc.)forusebyaparticularpersonatafuturetime预定或保留(座位、席位),登记
specific
a.1.detailedandexact具体的,明确的
2.relatingtooneparticularthing,etc.;notgeneral特有的,特定的
latter
a.1.beingthesecondoftwopeople,thingsorgroupsmentionedbefore(两者中的)后者的
2.neartotheendofaperiod后面的
n.(the~)thesecondoftwothingsorpeoplealreadymentioned后者
qualify
v.haveorgive(sb.)thequalities,training,etc.thataresuitableornecessary(forsth.)(使)具有资格,(使)合格
critic
n.[C]apersonwhodescribesandjudgesthequalityofsth.,esp.worksofart,music,etc.(文学、艺术、音乐)评论家,批评家
prominent
a.1.important;well-known重要的;杰出的,显著的,著名的
2.stickingoutfromasurface突出的,凸起的
■by-line
n.[C]alineatthebeginningorendofanarticleinanewspaper,etc.givingthewriter'sname(报刊文章首、尾处的)作者署名
refine
vt.1.make(sb./sth.)moreelegant使文雅,使高尚
2.makepureorimproveesp.byremovingunwantedmaterial提炼,精炼
acquaintance
n.1.[C]apersonwhomoneknowsbutwhoisnotaclosefriend相识的人
2.[U](oftenslight)knowledgeofsb./sth.了解
attractive
a.verypleasinginappearanceorsound,orcausinginterestorpleasure动人的,引人入胜的,富有吸引力的
impressive
a.havingastrongeffectonsb.使人印象深刻的
▲stereotype
vt.formafixedsetofideasthatisgenerallydisapprovingaboutthecharacteristicsofacertaingroupofpeopleorthings对……形成固定看法
n.[C]animage,idea,character,etc.thathasbecomefixedinaroutineform固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框
extent
n.1.thedegreespecified程度
2.[U]length;area;range长度;面积;范围
confess
v.1.admitoftenunwillingly承认
2.admitthatonehasdonesth.wrong,esp.whenwhatyouhavedoneissecret坦白,供认
carpenter
n.[C]apersonwhosejobismakingorrepairingwoodenthings木匠,木工
physicist
n.[C]anexpertinorstudentofphysics物理学家,研究物理学的人
▲pope
n.[C](usu.theP-)(天主教)教皇
nursery
n.1.[C]aplacewherechildrenarecaredfor,usu.whiletheirparentsareatwork,etc.托儿所
2.[C]aplacewhereplantsandtreesaregrown苗圃
thoughtful
a.1.thinkingdeeply深思的,思考的
2.showingcarefortheneedofothers体贴的,关心的,考虑周到的
creature
n.1.[C]alivingbeing,esp.ananimal生物,动物
2.[C](oftenusedafteranadjective)aperson人
award
vt.giveesp.astheresultofanofficialdecision授予,给予
n.[C]sth.awarded奖金,奖品
objective
a.notinfluencedbypersonalfeelings;fair不受个人感情影响的,客观的,公正的
n.[C]athingaimedatorwishedfor;purpose目标,目的
objectively
ad.inanobjectivemanner客观地,客观上地
■IQ
n.[C,U]intelligencequotient,acomparativemeasureofaperson'sintelligence智商
intelligence
n.[U](good)abilitytolearn,reason,andunderstand智力,智慧,理解力
quotient
n.anumberwhichistheresultwhenonenumberisdividedbyanother商数,商
despair
vi.havelostallhope失望,绝望
n.1.[U]stateofhavinglostallhope失望,绝望
2.[C]apersonwhomakesotherpeoplegiveuphope令人感到不可救药的人
label
n.1.[C]adescriptivewordorwordsappliedtoaperson,group,etc.(用以形容人、团体等的)称号,外号
2.[C]apieceofpaper,cloth,metal,etc.onorbesideanobjectanddescribingitsnature,name,owner,etc.标签,签条
vt.1.describesb./sth.把……称为
2.putalabelorlabelsonsth.把标签贴在……上,用标签标明
determination
n.1.[U]firmnessofobjective决心,坚定,决断力
2.[U]exactfixing(ofsth.);deciding决定,确定
PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONS
fillout
addwhatisnecessarytomakesth.complete填写
forbetterorworse
whethertheresultisgoodorbad不管结果好坏
conveyto
make(ideas,feeli
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