定从名从解题方法.docx
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定从名从解题方法.docx
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定从名从解题方法
名从和定从解题方法
一.什么是句子
A.首字母大写B.末尾有“.!
或;”
C.一定的语法结构D.清晰完整的意思(含语气等)
二.什么是从句
1.定义:
一个句子在另一个句子中充当形容词、名词、或副词使用,这样的句子叫从句。
2.特征:
1必须句首有关联词
2必须在句法结构上同主句一样完整正确
3语序为陈述语序(即主语在谓语前)
3.例句:
(一).简单句
1Iknowit.
2Iknowtheplacereferredto.
3Iputthemoneythere/inthehouse.
4Thehouseisknowntoall.
5ShecamefromNanjing.
6ThatisShanghai.
(二).复合句(上面简单句的相关成分被换成了从句)
1Iknowwherehelives..
2Iknowtheplacewherehelives.
3Iputthemoneywherehelives.
4Itisknowntoallwherehelives.
5Shecamefromwherehelives.
6Thatiswherehelives.
三.运用1和2的概念来解下面的题
1.It___hot,we’dbetterhaveaswim.
It___hot,sowe’dbetterhaveaswim.
It___hot;we’dbetterhaveaswim.
A.isB.beC.beingD.been
2.Hehaseightboys,threeof_____studyinghere.
Hehaseightboys,threeof_____arestudyinghere.
Hehaseightboys,andthreeof___arestudyinghere.
Hehaseightboys;threeof_____arestudyinghere.
A.themB.whomC.whoD.they
3.______leavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.
_______leavetheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.
______leavestheroomlastisveryobvious.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.Whoever
D.WhoE.Thosewho
4.______isobviousthathedoesn’twanttoseeyou.
______isobvious,hedoesn’twanttoseeyou.
______isobviousisthathedoesn’twanttoseeyou.
A.ItB.AsC.whatD.howE.why
5.
(1)Isthishouse____myfatheroncelivedin
(2)Isthisthehouse___myfatheroncelivedin
(3)Isthishousetheone___myfatheroncelived
(4)Isthisthehouse___myfatheroncelived
(5)Isthishouse____myfatheroncelived
(6)Wasitinthishouse___myfatheroncelived
A.theoneB.whichC.whereD.thatE.X
6.
(1)_____totheleft,andyou'llseethebusstop.
(2)____totheleft,you'llseethebusstop.
(3)____downtheradio----thebaby'ssleepinginthenextroom.
A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Ifyouturn
四.高考考什么:
从句的关联词的判定
五.三大从句关联词的特征
名从:
三类:
1.that不做成分,无疑意,不可省(只在引导第一个动词宾从时可省)
2.whether不做成分,有疑意,不可省(if只用于宾从且不与ornot连用)
3.wh+和how系列做成分
定从:
二类:
1.关代:
____后从句不完整(即缺主宾表定和介宾成份之一)
2.关副:
____后从句完整(即不缺主宾表定与介宾)
六.难点:
1.能否根据句意及句子结构将复合句定出来----是否是复合句,若是,是哪种从句
(概念把握准确到位否,是关键)
2.当定下来是哪一从句后,具体关联词是哪一个,关联词相互间的区别及各自独特的功用
(记住这些关联词区别及各自独特功用是最后解题成败之关键)
七.从句解题入手方法(一般解法)
1.看_____后的从句是否完整(根据五个基本句型中的主宾表定缺否及所要表述的语意)
2.若不完整,则从句关联词为名、代、形容三大类词
若完整,则从句关联词为副词、连词
3.据句意及关联词区别及各自独特功用,判定到具体哪个关联词
以定从为例(从定义到解题到注意事项)
定语从句
1概念:
以从句的形式出现来修饰限定(限定性)或补充说明(非限定)名词或代词的结构叫定
语从句,或叫形容词性从句.
2功能:
(一个名词短语中的)修饰限定语.
3构成:
由关系词引导而成.
4位置:
位于被修饰的名词或名词成分之后.
5关系词的分类:
关系代词和关系副词.
6关系词的功能:
1)替代先行词在从句中充当成分;2)引导从句,连接主句和从句.
Shehastwosons,bothof___areintheuniversity.A.themB.whom
Wesinghighlyofthesunthatriseseasteverymorning.
7关系代词:
物which/that/as
人who/whom/that
物主whose(先行词+whose+n)
关系副词:
时间when
地点where
原因(thereason)why
关系词的选择问题(解题):
1)判断从句中是否缺了主干部分(主,宾,表,定,介宾),缺了就填入关系代词把句子补充完整,不缺就填关系副词.
2)把先行词还原到它本来在从句中的位置.
3)关键在于判断从句中的谓语动词是不是及物.
Imissthedays___wespenttogetherlastyear.Imissthevillage___Iwasborn.
Imissthevillage___Icametothecityfrom.Imissthevillage___Ilivedin10years.
Imissthevillage___Ilived10years.Imissthevillage___Ivisitedlastyear.
8关系代词在从句中的主干成分问题:
1)主语:
Doyouknowthegirlthat/whoistalkingwiththedirector
2)宾语:
Iliketheflowers(which/that)youboughtformeverymuch.
3)表语:
Heisnotthemanthathewas3yearsago.
4)介宾:
Thewindow(which/that)Ioftenwatchtheseaoutofwasmadebymydad.
9有时尽管先行词是物,但我们只能用which/that中的一个.
只用that的情况:
1)关系代词是不定代词all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theoneetc.
Weshoulddoall___isusefultothepeople.Thereisnothing___canbesaidaboutit.
Doyoumeantheone___wasboughtyesterday.
2)先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,just,very等修饰时
Theonlything___wecandowastowait.Youcantakeanyseat__isfree.
Thisisoneofthebooks___Iboughtyesterday.Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)Iwanttotalkto.
3)先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时
WhenwetalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst___cametoourmindistheWestlake.
4)先行词是最高级或被最高记级修饰时Thisisthebest___wecanbedonenow.
5)先行词既有人又有物Thedirectorandhismovie___youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallypopular.
6)主句是therebe结构Thereisstillaseat___isfree.
7)在双重从句中,其一已经用了which,另一个用that
Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings___hadneverbeenseenbefore.
8)先行词是主句表语,或关系词本身是从句表语
Myhometownisnolongertheplace___isusedtobe.
9)当句中已有who时,为避免重复。
例如:
WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn
10)用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等,代替when。
例如:
Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.
只用Which的情况:
1)介宾结构中:
IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives
2)非限定性定语从句中:
Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.
3)双重从句中,其一已用了that,另一个用which
4)当关系代词后带有插入语Hereisthebookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpyoualot.
10当先行词是人,只选who情况
1)先行词是(the)one,(the)ones,anyone,those,he,ect.
Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.
2)在therebe结构中Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.
3)当先行词后有较长的后置定语
ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
11限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性:
限定先行词的意思和范围,不可省,和主句关系密切
非限定:
对先行词进行补充说明,可省,和主句用逗号隔开.
12考试重点难点:
1)先行词是时间或地点名词时注意关系代词和关系副词的选择.(按所做成分定)
2)which和that的选择及who和that的选择
3)非限定从句中who/whichas/which的选择
4)一些复杂结构:
A介词或介词短语+which/whom/whose+n.
Iwillrememberyourkindwords,fromwhichIfindmybelief.
Imustsaythankstoyou,fromwhomIhavelearntalot.
Imissthecottage,outofwhosewindowIusedtowatchthesea.
B数词one,two,threeetc
代词alot,anumber,many,much,all,either,neither,each,several,some,few,little,most
Theoldladyhadtwosons,bothofwhomwerekilledinthewar.
Ihavemanybooks,fewofwhichareinEnglish.
Theoldlady,bothofwhosesonswerekilledinthewar,livesalonelylife.
Cwhat引导的名词从句和that引导的定语从句
what=thethings(that…)=allthethings(that)
shedidwhatshecouldtohelpherson.Shedidall(that)shecouldtohelptoherson.
WhatIhavearebooks.=AllthethingsIhavearebooks.=ThethingsthatIhavearebooks.
D关系副词和介宾结构的区别:
后者更明确,对介词的要求很严格.
IrememberthedaywhenImether.IrememberthedayonwhichImether.
E一些易错问题:
在定语从句中加了多余的宾语:
SomeoftheboysIinvited(them)didnotcome.
定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式:
SheisoneoftheteacherswhospeakFrench.
SheistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhospeaksFrench.
省掉了在从句中作主语的关系代词:
Childrenwho/thateatalotofsugargetbadteeth.
定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词:
Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.
5)which和as作关系代词引导非限制定语从句,其先行项是主句或主句的谓体部分的情况。
①which
Theysayheplaystruants,whichhedoesn’t.Thingsthenimproved,whichsurprisesme.
Jackexplodedafirecrackerduringalesson,asaresultofwhichhewassuspendsfromschoolforaweek.
Theplanemaybeseveralhourslate,inwhichcasethere’snopointonourwaiting.
Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
Which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
②.as
As作关系代词引导的从句可以置于先行项---即它所依附的主句---之前,之后,或其间主语之后,用逗号隔开。
译作“正如。
。
。
”,表同主句一致的真实性,从句常是以下形式:
Aseverybodyknows/Asyoumayremember/Asyousay/AsIcansee/AsIhavesaid
AsI’mtold/Asyoumayhaveheard/Asissaidabove/Asismentionedabove
Asisreportedinthenewspaper/Asisoftenthecase
As在从句中作宾语,表语或主语(这时谓动只能是be动词或其它系动词)
Jane,asyousaid/aswassaid,isaliar.Asyousaid/aswassaid,Janeisaliar.
Janeisaliar,asyousaid/asissaid.
Sheisextremelypopularamongthestudents,asiscommonknowledge.
Shehasmarriedagain,aswasnatural./wasexpected.
Shehasmarriedagain,whichdelightedus.(as不作动作动词的主语)
Shehasmarriedagain,*aswasunexpected.whichwasunexpected.(与主句意义不一致)
2004年全国高考定语从句练习
1.(全国卷23题)TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
2.(北京卷34题)______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
3.(广西卷28题)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
4.(湖南卷23题)Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.howB.whichC.whereD.that
5.(吉林卷23题)Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
6.(天津卷23题)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,___,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
7.(江苏卷33题)________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
8.(浙江卷35题)Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
9.(上海卷40题)Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
10.(辽宁卷35题)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%__aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat
11.(湖北卷23题)Therewas____time_____Ihatedtogotoschool.
A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;when
12.(湖北卷25题)Therearetwobuildings,____standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
13.(湖北卷29题)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
14.(上海卷36题)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB
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