职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530111.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530111.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530111
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-111
1、CookingOilFumesCauseTumor
Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafiveyearresearchstudy.
Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer,Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.
AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.
"Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,"saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.
Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,1,433weremale.
Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.
However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutirritatedeyesandthroat.
About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen'sbedroomswereadjacenttothekitchen.
However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.
"UnlessmyfamilyandIdon'teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,"saidXuLi,a45-year-oldlocalwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless."
Doctorssaidwomen'slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.
Otherexpertsagreedwithhim.
"Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcauseoflungcancerformen,"saidDr.TanBinyong,honorarypresidentoftheRespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity'sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen."
Hisresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallssellingfriedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.
Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,expertssaid.
Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen'slungcancer?
【单选题】
A.Familycancerhistory.
B.Unhealthydietaryhabits.
C.Weakimmunesystems.
D.Personalhealthandphysicalcondition.
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
细节考查题。
回答此题时,应注意到文中“hadfewlinksto…”同“wascloselyrelatedto…”这两处文字,linkto同relateto都是联系的意思,但修饰它们的词few和closely差别很大,few表示否定意义,故正确答案为D。
2、BreastCancerDeathsRecordLow
Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12,000ayearforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan.
TheCancerResearchUKdatashowedthat11,990womendiedintheUKin2007.
Thepreviouslowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971-theyearrecordsbeganafterwhichitrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.
ProfessorPeterJohnson,CancerResearchUK'schiefcliniciansaid,"It'sincrediblyencouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimeinthelast40years,despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften."
Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleadingtoimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease.
"TheintroductionoftheNHS(国民保健制度)breastscreeningprogramhasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercancerisdiagnosed."
BreastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerintheUKwith45,500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease,a50%risein25years.
Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989,when15,625womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004.
Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls.
DrSarahCant,policymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer,said,"Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerandhighlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatments,breastscreeningandawarenessofthedisease.".
"However,thisisstilltoomanywomenandincidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear."
Therisingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactorsincludingobesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption.
Obesityandalcoholconsumptionmayalsoleadtosomeotherdiseases.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
最后一段说obesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption是诱发乳腺癌的原因之一,但并未提及其他疾病,因此选C。
putdownto的意思是“归因于”。
3、Themotorcar
Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.
Themotorcarwillundoubtedly.changesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.
Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.
Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar'smovements.
Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.
Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____.【单选题】
A.keepintherightlane
B.waittoarriveathisdestination
C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter
D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
文章的最后一段thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintosystem说明本题的答案为D,即在计算机监控系统下,司机所做的不过是通过电话告诉系统自己的目的地而已。
4、AcceptanceofChronicIllness
Forchronicallyillpatients,givingupthehopethattheywillgetbettermayactuallyleadtomorehappiness,U.S.researcherssuggest.
"Hopeisanimportantpartofhappiness,butthere'sadarksideofhope.Sometimes,ifhopemakespeopleputoffgettingonwiththeirlife,itcangetinthewayofhappiness,"Dr.PeterA.UbelfromtheUniversityofMichiganHealthSystemsaidinauniversitynewsrelease.
Heandhiscolleaguesstudiedpatientswho'djusthadacolostomy(结肠造口术),whichmeanstheircolons(结肠)wereremovedandtheyhadtohavebowel(肠)movementsinapouch(小袋)outsidethebody.Atthetimeofthesurgery,somepatientsweretoldtheprocedurewasreversibleandthey'dhaveasecondoperationinafewmonthstoreconnecttheirbowels.Otherpatientsweretoldthecolostomywaspermanent.
Thepatientswerefollowedforsixmonths,andtheresearchersfoundthatthosewithouthopeofregainingnormalbowelfunctionwerehappierthanthosewithreversiblecolostomies.
"Wethinktheywerehappierbecausetheygotonwiththeirlife.Theyrealizedthecardstheyweredealt,andrecognizedthattheyhadnochoicebuttoplaywiththosecards,"Ubelsaid."Theothergroupwaswaitingfortheircolostomytobereversed.Theycontrastedtheircurrentlifewiththelifetheyhopedtolead,anddidn'tmakethebestoftheircurrentsituation."
Thestudy,publishedintheNovembereditionofHealthPsychology,alsomayexplainwhypeoplewhosespousediesoftenrecoverbetteremotionallyovertimethanthosewhogetdivorced,theresearcherssaid.
That'sbecausepeoplewhosehusbandorwifedieshaveclosure(结束),whilethosewhogetdivorcedmaystillhavehopeforsomechanceofmakingup,theyexplained.
Theothergroupwasnotashappybecause______.【单选题】
A.theyacceptedtheircurrentsituation
B.theywereanxioustogetbetter
C.theymissedtheirpreviouslife
D.theyrefusedtoplaycards
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,需要吃透原文句意。
答案依据比较明显,在文章第五段最后一句.谈到,不开心的第一组病人总是把现在的生活和他们想要的生活进行比较,没有很好地适应现在的生活。
换句话说,他们很渴望早日恢复。
回来看选项,B项和原文句意相符,是答案。
5、ViciousandDangerousSportsShouldBeBannedbyLaw
Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it'samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2,000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?
Areweanylessblood-thirsty?
Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?
Don'tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?
Humanbeingsremainsasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedar
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