国际经济学chap4答案.docx

国际经济学chap4答案.docx

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国际经济学chap4答案

Chap4.

1,WhichofthefollowingassumptionsofH-OTheoryistrue:

a.nationshavethesametastesandpreferences

b.theyusefactorinputsthatareofuniformquality

c.theyusethesametechnology

d.alloftheabove

2.Ifthetermsoftradeofanationare1.5inatwo-nationworld,thoseofthetradepartnerare:

a.3/4

b.2/3

c.3/2

d.4/3

3.Ifthetermsoftradeincreaseinatwo-nationworld,thoseofthetradepartner:

a.deteriorate

b.improve

c.remainunchanged

d.anyoftheabove

4.Ifthenation'stastesforitsimportcommodityincreases:

a.thenation'stermsoftraderemainunchanged

b.thenation'stermsoftradedeteriorate

c.thepartner'stermsoftradedeteriorate

d.anyoftheabove

5.Ifthetastesforanationimportcommodityincreases,therelativepricesofthisnationwillbe:

a.increases

b.declines

c.remainsunchanged

d.anyoftheabove

6.Adeteriorationofanation'stermsoftradecausesthenation'swelfareto:

a.deteriorate

b.improve

c.remainunchanged

d.anyoftheabove

7*.Theequilibriumpriceandquantityforacommoditytradedbetweentwonationsoccurswhere

a.theslopesofthetwooffercurvesarethesame.

b.thetwooffercurvesintersect

c.theslopesofthetwooffercurvesisequaltozero

d.thepriceratioofgoodXforgoodYisequalsone.

8*.Supposenation1isanimporterofgoodX.Inageneralequilibriumframework,anincreaseinthedemandforgoodYwill

a.decreasedthepriceofgoodXandincreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

b.decreasedthepriceofgoodXanddecreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

c.increasethepriceofgoodXandincreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

d.increasethepriceofgoodXanddecreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

9.Supposenation1isanimporterofgoodX.Inageneralequilibriumframework,anincreaseinthecostofproducinggoodXinnation2will

a.decreasedthepriceofgoodXandincreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

b.decreasedthepriceofgoodXanddecreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

c.increasethepriceofgoodXandincreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

d.increasethepriceofgoodXanddecreasethevolumeofimportsofgoodX

10.TheH-Omodelextendstheclassicaltrademodelby:

a.explainingthebasisforcomparativeadvantage

b.examiningtheeffectoftradeonfactorprices

c.bothaandb

d.neitheranorb

11.WhichisnotanassumptionoftheH-Omodel?

a.thesametechnologyinbothnations

b.constantreturnstoscale

c.completespecialization

d.equaltastesinbothnations

12.WithequaltechnologynationswillhaveequalK/Linproductionif:

a.factorpricesarethesame

b.tastesarethesame

c.PPFsarethesame

d.alloftheabove

13.WesaythatcommodityYisK-intensivewithrespecttoXwhen:

a.moreKisusedintheproductionofYthanX

b.lessLisusedintheproductionofYthanX

c.alowerL/KratioisusedintheproductionofYthanX

d.ahigherK/LisusedintheproductionofXthanY

14.Whenw/rfalls,L/K

a.fallsintheproductionofbothcommodities

b.risesintheproductionofbothcommodities

c.canriseorfall

d.isnotaffected

15.AnationissaidtohavearelativeabundanceofKifithasa:

a.greaterabsoluteamountofK

b.smallerabsoluteamountofL

c.higherL/Kratio

d.lowerr/w

16.Adifferenceinrelativecommoditypricesbetweennationscanbebasedonadifferencein:

a.technology

b.factorendowments

c.tastes

d.alloftheabove

17.IntheH-Omodel,internationaltradeisbasedmostlyonadifferencein:

a.technology

b.factorendowments

c.economiesofscale

d.tastes

18.AccordingtotheH-Omodel,tradereducesinternationaldifferencesin:

a.relativebutnotabsolutefactorprices

b.absolutebutnotrelativefactorprices

c.bothrelativeandabsolutefactorprices

d.neitherrelativenorabsolutefactorprices

19.AccordingtotheH-Omodel,internationaltradewill:

a.reduceinternationaldifferencesinpercapitaincomes

b.increasesinternationaldifferencesinpercapitaincomes

c.mayincreaseorreduceinternationaldifferencesinpercapitaincomes

d.leadtocompletespecialization

20.TheH-Omodelisageneralequilibriummodelbecauseitdealswith:

a.productioninbothnations

b.consumptioninbothnations

c.tradebetweenthetwonations

d.alloftheabove

21.TheH-Omodelisasimplificationofatrulygeneralequilibriummodelbecauseitdealswith:

a.twonations

b.twocommodities

c.twofactorsofproduction

d.alloftheabove

22.TheLeontiefparadoxreferstotheempiricalfindingthatU.S.

a.importsubstitutesaremoreL-intensivethanexports

b.importsaremoreK-intensivethanexports

c.exportsaremoreK-intensivethanimports

d.exportsaremoreK-intensivethanimportsubstitutes

23*.Fromempiricalstudies,weconcludethattheH-Otheory:

a.mustberejected

b.mustbeacceptedwithoutreservations

c.canbeacceptedwhileawaitingfurthertesting

d.explainsallinternationaltrade

24.Thefactorpriceequalizationtheoremstatesthatinternationaltradewillbringaboutequalizationin

a.relativereturnsonly

b.absolutereturnsonly

c.bothrelativeandabsolutereturns

d.neitherabsolutenorrelativereturns

25.Internationaltradewill______thepriceofanation’sabundantresourcesand_____thepriceofanation’sscarceresources

a.increase;increase

b.decrease;decrease

c.decrease;increase

d.increase;decrease

26.OnepotentialreasonableexplanationfortheLeontiefparadoxisthat

a.TheU.S.exportscapitalintensivegoods

b.U.S.laborismoreproductivethanitsforeigncounterpart

c.U.S.tasteswerebiasedstronglyinfavorofcapitalintensivegoods

d.Thetwofactormodelthatwasusedwasincomplete

27.Accordingtothefactorpriceequalizationtheoremanationthathasarelativecapitalabundanceshouldspecializeingoodsthatare______intensiveresultinginanincreaseinthepriceof______.

a.capital;capital

b.capital;labor

c.labor;capital

d.labor;labor

28.Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisbasedonthedemandconditions.

a.OverlappingDemandTheory

b.ComparativeAdvantageTheory

c.ProductLifeCycleTheory

d.H-OTheory

shortanswers

31.HowdoestheH-OtheorydifferfromRicardotheoryinexplaininginternationaltradepatterns?

Ricardotheoryassumedonlyonefactor（labor）ruledoutthetradeeffectsandexplainedthatthedifferenceofcommodities’pricesisthereasonwhytradeoccurred,theH-Otheoryexplainedtradebydifferencesinrelativenationalsupplyconditions,eventhetheoryhighlightstheroleofnations’resourceendowmentasthekeydeterminantofcomparativeadvantage.Anationwillexportthatcommodityforwhichalargeamountoftherelativelyabundantinputisused,itwillimportthatcommodityintheproductionofwhichtherelativelyscareinputisused.

32.AccordingtoStaffanLinder,therearetwoexplanationsofinternationaltradepatterns—oneformanufacturesandanotherforprimary（agricultural）goods.Explain!

LinderconsideredthattheH-Otheoryhasexplanatorypowerfortradeinprimarygoods,naturalresourcesandagriculturalgoods,notfortradeinmanufacturedgoods,becausethemainforceinfluencingmanufactured–goodtradeisdomesticdemandconditions.Basedonsimilarpreferences,wealthynationswilllikelytradewithotherwealthynations,andpoornationswilllikelytradewithotherpoornations.

33.Howcaneconomiesofscaleproductionaffectworldtradepatterns?

Economiesofscaleisthatalargeorganizationmayreducecostsbyspecializinginmachineryandlabor,andunderthisconditionthePPFshapeisconvextoorigin.

Thecountrieswitheconomiesofscalerefertotheproductionsituationwhereoutputgrowsproportionatelymorethantheincreaseininputsorfactorsofproduction.Thatmeansthereductionintheaveragecostsofproductionasthefirm’soutputexpands,thusthenationcanexportthiskindofcommodityforitscomparativeadvantage.

34.Distinguishbetweenintra-industrytradeandinter-industrytrade,whataresomemajordeterminantsofintra-industrytrade?

Theinter-industrytrademeanstheexchangebetweennationsofproductsofdifferentindustries,itinvolvesofdifferentfactorendowments.Butintra-industrytrademeanstheflowsofgoodswithsimilarfactorrequirements,nationsthatarenetexportersofmanufacturedgoodsembodyingsophisticatedtechnologyalsopurchasesuchgoodsfromothernations.Intra-industrytradeincludestradeinhomogeneousgoodsaswellasindifferentiatedproducts,andintra-industrytradeincreasestherangeofchoicesavailabletoconsumersaswellasthedegreeofcompetitionamongmanufacturesofthesameclassofproductineachnation.

Essay

35.Trytodrawthefigurethatverticalaxisshowsthewageratio,whichequalsthewageofskilledworkersdividedbythewageofunskilledworks;Horizontalaxisshowsthatthelaborratio,whichequalstothequantityofskilledworkersavailabledividedbythequantityofunskilledworks.SupposethatsupplycurveofskilledworkersrelativetounskilledworkersisfixedanddenotedbyS0,thedemandcurveforskilledworkersrelativetounskilledworkersisdenotedbyD0.

ExplainthathowthefollowingthreefactorswillaffectwageinequalityforU.S.

（1）Internationaltradeandtechnologicalchange

（2）Immigration

（3）Educationandtraining

（1）InternationaltradeandtechnologicalchangewillresultanincreasethedemandofU.S’scomparativeadvantagegoods,becauseU.Sisabundantinskilledlaborresources,sodemandcurveofsk