最新化学专业 英语单词.docx
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最新化学专业 英语单词.docx
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最新化学专业英语单词
dig挖dugdug
cut割cutcut
have/has有hadhad
4.以ow/aw结尾的词,把ow/aw变成ew。
如:
blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
drive驾驶drovedriven
rid免除rid/riddedrid/ridded
lend借贷lentlent
forecast预报forecastforecast
think思考thoughtthought
choose选择chosechosenChemistry
SummerHolidaysHomeworkforFutureFreshmenofHighschool
Class:
__________________________
ChineseName:
______________________
EnglishName:
______________________
Beijing#80HighSchoolInternationalDepartment
IntroductiontoChemistry化学入门
Definition:
Chemistryisthestudyofthecomposition,structure,andpropertiesofmatter,theprocessesthatmatterundergoes,andtheenergychangesthataccompanythereprocesses.
(化学的定义:
化学是研究物质的组成,结构,性质,物质发生的变化,以及变化过程中涉及的能量变化。
)
BranchesofChemistry:
OrganicChemistry;InorganicChemistry;PhysicalChemistry;AnalyticalChemistry;
Biochemistry;Theoreticalchemistry
(化学的分支:
有机化学;无机化学;物理化学;分析化学;生物化学;理论化学)
Day1
【Task】PleaseputtheChinesenameintothesuitablechapter.
Vocabularyaboutchaptername.章节名称词汇
(----Whatmaywestudyaboutchemistryinthefirstyear?
高一可能涉及哪些化学知识?
)
物质和变化;原子:
构建物质的基本单元;酸和碱;氧化还原反应;气体;化学键;原子中的电子排布;称量和计算;有机化学;反应能量;元素周期律;化学方程式和化学反应;化学平衡;化学反应动力学;化学计量学;化学式和化学物质;物质的状态;生物化学;电化学;滴定与pH值;水溶液中离子和稀溶液的依数性;溶液;
Chapter1MatterandChange()
Chapter2MeasurementandCalculation()
Chapter3Atom-BuildingBlockofMatter()
Chapter4ArrangementofElectronsinAtoms()
Chapter5TheperiodicLaw()
Chapter6ChemicalBonding()
Chapter7ChemicalFormulasandChemicalCompounds()
Chapter8ChemicalEquationsandReactions()
Chapter9Stoichiometry()
Chapter10StatesofMatter()
Chapter11Gas()
Chapter12Solution()
Chapter13ionsinAqueousSolutionandcolligativeProperties()
Chapter14AcidandBase()
Chapter15Acid-BaseTitrationandpH()
Chapter16ReactionEnergy()
Chapter17ReactionKinetics()
Chapter18ChemicalEquilibrium()
Chapter19Oxidation-ReductionReactions()
Chapter20Electrochemistry()
Chapter22OrganicChemistry()
Chapter23BiologyChemistry()
Day2【Task】Identifythevocabulariesandmasteraspossibleasyoucan.
Matteranditsproperties物质及其特点
Mass质量DefinitionofMatter物质的定义StatesofMatter物质的状态
solid固体liquid液体gas气体plasma等离子CompositionofMatter物质的构成ChemicalandPhysicalProperties化学性质和物理性质
ChemicalandPhysicalChanges化学变化和物理变化ConservationofMass质量守恒
atom原子molecular分子ion离子cation阳离子anion阴离子element元素/单质compound化合物puresubstance纯物质mixture混合物reactant反应物group族元素周期表的纵行family族元素周期表的纵行period周期元素周期表的横行metal金属nonmetal非金属metalloid准金属NobleGas稀有气体
Day3
【Task】Identifythevocabulariesandmasteraspossibleasyoucan.
ScientificMethod(科学方法)system系统hypothesis假设model模型theory理论weight重量derivedUnit衍生单位Energy能量
DefinitionofEnergy能量的定义FormsofEnergy能量的形式
TypesofReactions反应类型
ExothermicVersusEndothermic放热对吸热
MeasurementsandCalculations测量和计算
TemperatureMeasurements温度测量ScientificNotation科学记数法MethodofConversion转换方法Precision,Accuracy,andUncertainty精密度,准确度,不确定度SignificantFigures有效数字CalculationswithSignificantFigures有效数字的计算directlyproportional正比例inverselyproportional反比例ChemicalFormulas化学分子式Equation化学方程式WritingandBalancingSimpleEquations写作和配平简单方程式IonicEquations书写离子方程式massnumber质量数averageatomicmass平均分子量mole摩尔Avogadro’snumber阿伏伽德罗常数molarmass摩尔质量
Day4
【Task】Identifythevocabulariesandmasteraspossibleasyoucan.
Lawofconservationofmass质量守恒定律nuclearforces原子核力atomicnuclei原子核proton质子neutron中子electron电子charge电荷positivecharge正电荷negativecharge负电荷atomicnumber原子序数isotope同位素nuclide核素particle粒子OxidationNumberandValence氧化数和化合价Reactivity反应
PeriodTableoftheElements元素周期表
PeriodicLaw周期律PropertiesRelatedtothePeriodicTable元素周期表的性质RadiiofAtoms原子半径Electronegativity电负性ElectronAffinity电子亲和能IonizationEnergy电离能Bonding化学键
TypesofBonds化学键类型
IonicBonds离子键CovalentBonds共价键MetallicBonds金属键
IntermolecularForcesofAttraction分子间的吸引力HydrogenBonds氢键DoubleandTripleBonds双键和三键ResonanceStructures共振结构
Day5
【Task】Learntheapparatusvocabularyandmatchthevocabularywiththepicturegiven.Ifnecessary,googlethevocabulariesonthebaidu/googleimageandtryyourbesttofinishit.
学习仪器词汇并完成后面的图片匹配题。
如果需要,可以通过XX图片或谷歌图片网站搜索相关仪器。
试管testtube试管夹testtubeholder烧瓶flask烧杯beaker漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatoryfunnel锥形瓶conicalflask/Erlenmeyerflask
天平balance/scale分析天平analyticalbalance台秤platformbalance游码crossbeamsandslidingweights量筒graduatedflask/measuringcylinder
酒精灯alcoholburner酒精喷灯blastalcoholburner塞子stopper洗瓶plasticwashbottle滴定管burette酸氏滴定管Geiserburette碱氏滴定管Mohrburetteforusewithpinchcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagentbottles蒸发皿evaporatingdish玻璃活塞stopcock搅拌装置stirringdevice磁力搅拌器magneticstirrer电动搅拌器powerbasicstirrer
容量瓶volumetricflask/measuringflask洗耳球rubbersuctionbulb玻璃棒glassrodstirringrod移液管(one-mark)pipette刻度移液管graduatedpipettes蒸馏烧瓶distillingflask坩埚crucible表面皿watchglass称量瓶weighingbottle广口瓶wide-mouthbottle
研磨钵mortar研磨棒pestle玛瑙研钵agatemortar滴管dropper蒸馏装置distillingapparatus蒸发器evaporator
升降台labjack铁架台ironsupport万能夹extensionclamp蝴蝶夹double-buretclamp
双顶丝clampregularholder沸石boilingstone橡胶管rubbertubing
药匙labspoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucibletong剪刀scissor
pH试纸universalphindicatorpaper滤纸filterpaper称量纸weighingpaper
秒表stopwatch量杯glassgraduateswithscale玻璃棒
温度计thermometer水银温度计mercury-filledthermometerph计phmeter
真空泵vacuumpump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge
口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask
护目镜;防护眼镜goggles
(1)
(2)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
______________________
English:
________________________English:
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(3)(4)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
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English:
________________________English:
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(5)(6)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
______________________
English:
________________________English:
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(7)(8)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
______________________
English:
________________________English:
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(9)(10)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
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English:
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(11)(12)
Chinese:
______________________Chinese:
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English:
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【extrapoints】
1.Mainfunctionof#2apparatus:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Mainfunctionof#5apparatus:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Day6-7
【Task】Readingthefollowingrulesandnamethecompoundsbelow.
H2___________;O2_____________;C___________;N2___________;
H2O___________/__________________;MgO__________________________;
CO__________________________;CO2__________________________;
HCl__________________________;HNO3_____________________________;
H2SO4__________________________;H2SO3__________________________;
HClO4__________________________;HClO__________________________;
NaOH__________________________;Fe(OH)2__________________________;
Cu(OH)2__________________________;Al2S3__________________________;
CaCl2____________________________;FeBr3__________________________;
KMnO4____________________________;NaHSO4__________________________;
[File]Nomenclativerulesofthecommoninorganicchemistry常见无机物的命名规则
(一)元素(element)命名和符号
Hhydrogen[ˈhaidrədʒən]Hehelium['hi:
liəm]Lilithium['liθiəm]Beberyllium[be'riliəm]Bboron['bɔ:
rɔn]Ccarbon[ˈkɑ:
bən]Nnitrogen[ˈnaitrədʒən]Ooxygen[ˈɔksidʒən]Ffluorine['fluəri:
n]Neneon[ˈni:
ɔnˈni:
ən]
Nasodium['səudiəm]Mgmagnesium[mægˈni:
ziəm]Alaluminum[ˌæljuˈminiəm,ˌæləˈminiəm]
Sisilicon[ˈsilikən]Pphosphorus['fɔsfərəs]Ssulfur['sʌlfə]Clchlorine['klɔ:
ri:
n]Arargon['ɑ:
gɔn]
Kpotassium[pə'tæsiəm]Cacalcium[ˈkælsiəm]
Rbrubidium[ru:
'bidiəm]Babarium['bɛəriəm
Brbromine['brəumi:
n]Iiodine[ˈaiədi:
n]
其他常有元素
Fe:
iron['aiən]Mn:
manganese[ˌmæŋgə'ni:
z]
Cu:
copper[ˈkɔpə]拉丁语:
Cuprumcop警察,条子
Zn:
zinc[ziŋk]
Hg:
mercury[ˈmə:
kjuri]来源于古希腊人对它的称呼hydorargyros(水银)
Ag:
silver[ˈsilvə]拉丁名Argentum即来自希腊文argyros(明亮),
元素符号Ag,与英文名silver毫不相干;
Pt:
platinum['plætinəm]
Au:
gold[gəuld]金的拉丁名Aurum来自希腊文aurora(灿烂),元素符号Au,与英文名gold也无关系。
(二)简单离子的命名
1、简单阴离子的命名Nomenclatureofmonatomicanions['ænaɪən]
[nə(ʊ)'meŋklətʃə][,mɒnə'tɒmɪk]
简单阴离子以“ide”结尾。
例如:
H-hydride(hydrogen)['haidraid]
N3−nitride(nitrogen)['naɪtraɪd]
O2−oxide(oxygen)['ɔksaid]
F−fluoride(fluorine)['fluəraid]
P3−phosphide(phosphorus)['fɔsfid]
S2−sulfide(sulfur)['sʌlfaid]
Cl−chloride(chlorine)['klɔ:
raid]
Br−bromide(bromine)['brəumaid]
I−iodide(iodine)['aiədaid]
['kætaɪən]
2、固定价位阳离子的命名NomenclatureofmonatomiccationsoffixedCharges.
第一主族,第二主族和铝的离子具有固定的化合价,这些元素的离子命名在元素后加“ion”。
['aiən]
例如:
Na+sodiumion、
H+hydrogenion
Li+lithiumion
K+potassiumion
Rb+rubidiumion
Be2+berylliumion
Mg2+magnesiumion
Ca2+calciumion
Ba2+bariumion
Al3+aluminumion
3、多价位阳离子命名cationsofvariable['veərɪəb(ə)l]charges.
有些阳离子有多种化合价,
stockname.元素后(化合价罗马数字)+ion表
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