四级阅读.docx
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四级阅读.docx
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四级阅读
PartⅢReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Genderequality,isawell-definedby-productofhumandevelopment.Italways 37 tohowtofocusattentiononwomenempowerment.Meanwhilewomenempowermentconfrontschallenges 38 intranslatingtheresponsibilitiestogenderequalityintoaction.Genderdiscriminationistheprime 39 ofendemic(地方性的)povertyleadingtoskyrocketingHIVprevalence.Witha 40 tomakinggenderequalityarealityasacorecommitment,womenempowermenthastobethesteppingstonetosustainabledevelopment.
HIV/AIDSepidemicis 41 inAfricaandmountingallovertheworldmostlyduetogenderdiscrimination,stigmatization(偏见)andunsafesexpractice.Tomakethespreadofepidemicfiagged(使衰退),wideninggendergapsmustbe 42 .Nowadaysyoungwomenandgirlsareatamuchhigherriskthanmen.AccordingtothefindingsofsurveysandcasestudiesconductedinAfrica,adolescentgirlsare5-6timesmorelikelytobe 43 byHIVvirusthanboys.
AccordingtothesocialdevelopmentspecialistandAIDSresearcherMohammadKhaimlAlam,"Itshouldberealizedthatthereisnoalternativetodevelopandenhancelifeskillsof 44 girlsandwomentocopewithepidemic.Theymaybeassistedonthe 45 levelstobecomeengagedingroomingtheirconfidenceandorganized.Atthesametime,theirvoicesshouldbeallowedtoheheardloudandclear.Thusthecollectiveeffortofwomenisbornwiththesenseorpurposethattheywillbestirreduptoshareperceptionsimprovingtheir 46 toreproductivehealthrelatedinformationandservices."
A.combated B.access
C.competitively D.raging
E.happens F.abandoned
G.inclines H.constantly
I.conservative J.breaking
K.vulnerable L.source
M.infected N.view
O.various
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
TheArtofFriendship
A.OneeveningafewyearsagoIfoundmyselfinananxiety.Nothingwasreallywrong—myfamilyandIwerehealthy,mycareerwasbusyandsuccessful—Iwasjustfeelingvaguelydownandinneedofafriendwhocouldraisemyspirits,someonewhowouldmeetmeforcoffeeandletmerantuntilthecloudslifted.Idialedmybestfriend,whonowlivesacrossthecountryinCalifornia,andgothervoicemail.That'swhenitstartedtodawnonme—lonesomenesswasattherootofmydreariness.Mysociallifehaddwindledtoalmostnothing,butsomehowuntilthatmomentI'dbeentoobusytonotice.Nowithitmehard.Myoldfriends,buddiessincecollegeorevenchildhood,kneweverythingaboutme;whentheyleft,theyhadtakenmycontextwiththem.
B.Researchhasshownthelong-rangenegativeconsequencesofsocialisolationonone'shealth.Butmyconcernsweremoreshort-term.Ineededtofeelunderstoodrighttheninthewaythatonlyagirlfriendcanunderstandyou.Iknewitwouldbewrongtoexpectmyhusbandtoreplacemyfriends:
Hecouldn't,andevenifhecould,towhomwouldIthencomplainaboutmyhusband?
SoIresolvedtoacquirenewfriends—womenlikemewhohadkidsandenjoyedrollingtheireyesattheworldalittlebitjustasIdid.SinceI'dbemakingfriendswithmoreintentionthanI'devergiventheprocess,IrealizedIcouldbeselective,thatIcouldineffectdesignmyownsociallife.Thedownside,ofcourse,wasthatIfeltprettyfrightened.
C.Afterall,it'sawholelothardertomakefriendsinmidlifethanitiswhenyou'reyounger—afactwomanI'vespokenwithpointoutagainandagain.AsLeslieDanzig,41,aChicagotheaterdirectorandmother,seesit,whenyou'reinyourteensand20s,you'remoreorlessfriendswitheveryoneunlessthere'sareasonnottobe.Yourcollegeroommatebecomesyourbestpalatleastpartlyduetoproximity.Nowthereneedstobeareasontobefriends."TherearemanypeopleI'mcomfortablearound,butIwouldn'tgosofarastocallthemfriends.Comfortisn'tenoughtosustainarealfriendship,"Danzigsays.
D.Atfirst,findingnewcompanionsfeltawkward.At40Icouldn'trunuptopeoplethewaymy4-year-olddaughtersdointheplaygroundandask,"Willyoubemyfriend?
Everytimeyoustartanewrelationship,you'revulnerableagain,"agreesKathleenHall,D.Ministry,founderandCEOoftheStressInstitute,inAtlanta."You'reasking,'Wouldyouliketocomeintomylife?
'Itmakesusselfconscious."
E.Fortunately,mydiscomfortsoonpassed.Irealizedthatasamaturefriendseekermyvulnerabilityriskwasactuallyprettylow.Ifsomeonedidn'ttakemeuponmyoffer,sowhat:
Iwasn'tinjuniorhigh,whenImighthavebeenrejectedforhavingthewrongclothesorhair.AtmyageIhaveamassedenoughself-esteemtorealizethatIhaveplentytooffer.
F.We'reallsobusy,infact,thatmutualinterestssay,inaproject,class,orcausethatwealreadymaketimefor—becometheperfectcatalystsforbringingusincontactwithcandidatesforcamaraderie.MichelleMertes,35,ateacherandmotheroftwoinWausau,Wisconsin,saysanewfriendshemadeatchurchcameasapleasantsurprise."InhighschoolIchosefriendsbasedontheirpopularityandhowbeingpartoftheircirclemightreflectonme.Nowit'soursharedvaluesandactivitiesthatcount."Mertessaysherpal,withwhomsheorganizedthechurch'syouthprograms,isnothinglikeherbuttheirdriveandorganizationalskillsmakethemidealfriends.
G.Happily,asawkwardasmakingnewfriendscanbe,self-esteemissuesdonotfactorin—oriftheydo,youcaneasilyputthemintoperspective.Danzigtellsofthemotherofachildinherson'spreschool,atall,beautifulwomanwhoismarriedtoabig-dealrockmusician."Isaidtomyhusband,'she'stoocoolforme,'"shejokes."Igetintimidatedbypeople.ButonceIgottoknowher,sheturnedouttobeprettylaid-backandfriendly."Intheendtherewasnochemistrybetweenthem,sotheydidn'tbecomegoodpals."Irealizedthatweweren'teachother'stype,butitwasn'tabouthierarchy."Whatmidlifefriendshipisabout,itseems,isreflectingthepersonyou'vebecome(orarestillbecoming)backatyourself,thusreinforcingtheprogressyou'vemadeinyourlife.
H.HarleneKatzman,41,alawyerinNewYorkCity,notesthatheroldestfriendsknewherbackwhenshewaslesssureofherself.Asmuchasshelovesthem,shebelievestheysometimesrespondtoissuesinlightofwhosheoncewas.Anoldchumhasthegoodsonyou.Withrecentlymadefriends,youcanopenoveranewleaf.
I.Anewfriend,chosenright,canalsohelpyoupointyourboatinthedirectionyouwanttogo.HannaDershowitz,39,anattorneyandmotherinLosAngeles,foundthatanewacquaintancefromworkwasexactlywhatsheneededinafriend.InadditiontolikingandrespectingJulia,Dershowitzhadafeelingthatthefitandathleticyoungerwomanwouldhelphertogetinshape.
J.Whileyou'rebusymakingnewfriends,rememberthatyoustillneedtonurtureyouroldones.WeaskedMarlaPaul,authorofTheFriendshipCrisis:
Finding,Making,andKeepingFriendsWhenYou'reNotaKidAnymore,forthebestwaystomaintaintheseimportantrelationships.Keepintouch.Yourfriendsshouldbeapriority;scheduleregularlunchdatesorcoffeecatch-upsessions,nomatterhowbusyyouare.Knowherbusiness.Keeptrackofimportanteventsinafriend'slifeandshowyoursupport.Callore-mailtoletherknowyou'rethinkingofher.Speakyourmind.Tellafriend(politely)ifsomethingshedidreallyupsetyou.Ifyoucan'tbetotallyhonest,thenyouneedtoreexaminetherelationship.Acceptherflaws.Nooneisperfect,soworkaroundherquirks—she'schronicallylate,orshe'sabitnegative—tocutdownonfrustrationandfights.Boostherego.Heartfeltcomplimentsmakeeveryonefeelgreat,sotellherhowmuchyoulovehernewsweaterorwhatagreatjobshe
didonaworkproject.
47、LeslieDanzigthoughtmakingfriendsatone'smiddleageneededsomereasons.
48、Awell-chosennewfriendcanhelpyougointhedirectionthatyoulike.
49、Afewyearsagotheauthorfeltlonelyanddepressedwhenshephonedherbestfriendinanothercitywhowasmuchwantedthenbutunavailable.
50、AccordingtoKathleenHall,onemightfeelsensitiveinthefirstcourseofmakingnewfriends.
51、Midlifefriendshipcanhelpyourealizeyourdirectionoflifeandreinforcetheprogressyou'vemadeinyourlife.
52、InMarlaPaul'sbook,tobeabetterfriend,youshouldkeeptrackwithyourfriends,careforyourfriend'sjob,expressyourself,acceptherflawsandcomplimentyourfriendforher/hisgooddressingandjob.
53、Fortheauthor,agirlfriendmightbetherightpersontounderstandheranderasehernegativefeeling.
54、AccordingtoMichelleMertes,midlifefriendshipisbasedonthesharedvaluesandactivities.
55、Asamaturefriendseeker,theauthorfindsherselfwithenoughconfidencetoofferandtakerej
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