Book 2 Lesson 5.docx
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Book 2 Lesson 5.docx
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Book2Lesson5
ContemporaryCollegeEnglishBookTwo
LessonThreeMoreCrimeandLessPunishment
课程名称
基础英语
授课专业及班次
08级本科英语教育
授课内容
MoreCrimeandLessPunishment
授课方式及学时
讲授+问答+讨论+练习
目的要求
目的:
1.了解文章的写作目的。
2.掌握dueto,toamountto,tohavechargeofsb./sth.,undersupervision/underthesupervisionof,so…asto,tobefacedwith,topayfor,theotherwayaround,togettoughwithsb.,toworkoutto.等重点词汇和短语的意义及用法.
要求:
1.掌握结果的表达方法。
2.通过句子释义,理解课文中难句。
3.通过篇章结构分析,掌握文章的主旨大意和写作方法。
重点与难点
1、重点:
1.掌握重点词汇及其同义词辨析。
2.掌握结果的表达方法。
2、难点:
1.掌握几个重要句型:
somuch/many+noun+thatintroducingaclause;so+adj.+as+toinfinitive;sothatintroducingaclause;andintroducingaclause.2.文中难句的理解。
讲授内容及
时间分配
1.课文背景介绍(1/2学时)
2.语言难点(2学时)
3.语言技能训练(1/2学时)
4.难句讲解(1学时)
5.写作修辞分析(1/2学时)
6.篇章结构分析(1/2学时)
7.课堂讨论(1/2学时)
8.练习及作业(1/2学时)
教具
(指教具与教学方法)多媒体+黑板+网络
参考资料
(1)杨立明.《现代大学英语》(第二册)第1版.外语教学与研究出版社,2005.
(2)陆国强.《现代英语词汇学》(新版)第一版。
上海外语教育出版社,2005.
(3)彭长江.《英汉-汉英翻译教程》第1版.湖南师范大学出版社,2002.
(4)JudyPearsall.《新牛津英语词典》第1版.上海外语教育出版社,2001.
(5)冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》(第一版).山海外语教育出版社,2002.
LessonThreeMoreCrimeandLessPunishment
1.Background(1/2period)
IntroductiontotheText
PurposeoftheEssay
Theessaydoesnotattempttodealwithallthevariousaspectsofthecrimeproblem.Rather,itisrestrictedtosomethingitcanmanageeffectivelyinabout1,000words.Itprovidesstatisticalinformationandanalyzesthepresentsituationtoshowthatpunishmentdoesnotdetercrime(probablyinreplytoobservationsthatharshpunishmentsshouldbeenforcedtoreducecrime.)
2.DetailedDiscussionoftheText
1.StructureoftheText
Likemanyessays,thetextconsistsofthreeparts.
①Thefirstthreeparagraphsmakeuptheintroduction,inwhichthewritershows,withstatistics,howseriousthecrimeproblemisintheUntiedStatesandintroducesthecentralideaofhisessay:
punishmentdoesnotreducecrime.
②Inthenextpart(paras.4–9),thebodyoftheessay,hegoesontoanalyzewhypunishmentdoesn’tdetercrime.Heobservesthatwithsomanycriminalstohandle,theU.S.criminaljusticesystemisonlyabletolockupthemostseriousoffenders;thepublicisunwillingtopayforprisonconstruction;longerprisonsentencesarenotonlytooexpensivetobefeasible,butalsoineffectual.
③Inthelastparagraph,theconclusion,thecentralideaisrestatedinamoreaffirmativeandemphaticway:
gettingtoughwithcriminalsisnottheanswertothecrimeproblem.
2.TechniquesofWriting
1)StatisticalInformation
Thisisanargumentativepieceofwriting,inwhichthewritertries,usingclearthinkingandlogic,toconvincereadersofthesoundnessofhisopinion:
punishmentdoesnotdetercrime.Inordertoconvince,awriterneedsevidence;here,Moranchieflyusesstatisticalevidence,includingexactstatisticalinformation(onthere-imprisonmentofparoledcriminals)andapproximatestatistics(onthecrimerateoftheU.S).
2)Analogy
Analogyisthecomparisonoftwounlikethingsforthepurposeofillustration.Thecomparisonispossiblebecausethetwothingshavesomethingincommon.Inthefourthparagraph,thewritercomparesacriminal’sacceptanceintoaprisonwiththeadmissionofahigh-schoolgraduatetoacollege.Thesimilarityisthatbothhavetomaintaincertainstandards,andthestandardschangeaccordingtothelawofsupplyanddemand(themorecandidatesthereare,thehigherthestandardsforacceptance.)
3)RhetoricalQuestions
Thosearequestionsthatdonotexpectananswerbutexpressastrongfeeling,opinionorimpression.Threerhetoricalquestionsareusedinthesecondparagraphasawayofchallengingreaders,makingthemeitheragreewiththewriterorthinkwhytheydonot.Lookatthesequestions:
Butcanweaffordtocutoffthehandsofthosewhocommittedmorethan35millionpropertycrimeseachyear?
Canwesendthemtoprison?
Canweexecutemorethan22,000murderers?
Suchquestionsachievemoreeffectthanstatementsexpressingthesameideas.
4)SelectiveUseofRepetition
Inparagraph6,thestructure“Ofthe/every…only/about,…”isusedfivetimesforemphasis.Repetitionofwordsandstructurescanbeveryusefulifusedcarefully.
3.LanguageandStyle
Thestyleisslightlyformal,asisthecaseofseriousessays.Wefindquiteanumberoflongsentenceswithcomplicatedstructure,suchasthesecondandthirdinparagraph4,thelastinparagraph5andthatinparagraph8.Wefindfewcontractions.Asfarasdictionisconcerned,bothformalandinformalwordsandexpressionsareusedaswefindinformalessays.
Tipsforteachingthelesson
1.AsthestudentsprobablyknowtoolittleabouttheAmericanjudicialsystemtounderstandtheissuesdiscussedintheessay,teachersareadvisedtosupplyalittlesuchinformation,eitherintheformofprintedmaterial,orinapre-classtalk.Ortheycouldgivewhatisnecessaryastheydiscussthetext.Theycanatthesametimeintroducethemostimportantlegalterms,astheygoalong.Butdon’ttrytoteachtoomuch,justenoughforstudentstounderstandtheissuesdiscussed.
2.CrimeisacomplicatedproblemforstudentsofthisleveltodiscussinEnglish.Anydiscussionatthisstageissuretosuperficial.OnethingteacherscandoiscombinediscussionoftheCrimeproblemwithlanguagetrainingasshowninGrammarExercise5.2),toelicitwaysofdealingwithcrimeusingpassivevoice.
3.LanguagePoints
①certaintyn.
确实,确定(性);必然的事;毫无疑问的事adeadcertainty
(竞赛时)必胜的马;势所必然
Ican'tsaywithanycertaintywhereIshallbenextweek.
我不能确切地说下周我在什么地方。
习惯用语
foracertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问
ofacertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问
toacertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问
inthecertainty必定
moralcertainty确实有把握的事
②convict
n.罪犯(长期服刑的)囚犯[美俚]马戏团的斑马vt.宣告有罪,使知罪
convictgoods
服劳役囚犯生产的物品
convictprison
徒刑监狱
convictsystem
徒刑制度;流刑制度
③estimatevt.估计,预算,估价评价,判断[古]尊重
estimatethecostof...
估计...的成本
estimatesb.'sability
评价某人的能力
习惯用语
ataroughestimate据粗略估计
byestimate照估计
formanestimateof给...作一估计;评价
makeanestimateof给...作一估计;评价
theEstimates[英]财政收支概算
参考词汇
estimateappraiseevaluate
都含“估价”、“估计”的意思。
estimate指“根据个人的知识、经验或认识而形成看法或判断,并强调其估计的结果可能是错的”,如:
Iestimatedhisageat40.
我估计他的年龄是四十岁。
appraise指“根据内行的意见,作出正确无疑的估计”,如:
Propertyisappraisedfortaxation.
估计财产以便征税。
evaluate指强调“评定某人[物]的价值”,如:
Let'sevaluatetheevidence.
让我们评定一下此证据的价值。
④feasibleadj.
可实行的;切实可行的;行得通的
[口]可能(有)的;有理的;似真的
可用的;适宜的
It'snotfeasibletodismisshim.
不可开除他。
Hisstorysoundsfeasible.
他讲的似乎有理。
⑤illustrate
vt.举例说明;例证加上插图[图解]
(be)illustratedwith[by]以...说明之
Thepublisherwillillustratethebook.那个出版商将给这本书配图。
Couldyouillustratethisquestionwithsomeexamples?
你能举些实例来说明这个问题吗?
4.SentenceAnalysis(1period)
①Ifyouarelookingforanexplanationofwhywedon’tgettoughwithcriminalsyouneedonlylookatthenumbers.1:
Ifyouaretryingtofindoutwhywedon’tdealwithcriminalsseverely,youcanjustlookatthenumbers–therearetoomanyofthemforthesocietytopunish.
Getthroughwith:
tobecomeharsh,severe,unyieldingwithsomebody,e.g.
Thegovernmenthasdecidedtogettoughwithcarsmugglers.
Theschoolaskedthepolicetogettoughwiththeneighborhoodbullieswhowereconstantlyshakingthechildrendown.
②Thisamountstomorethan41millioncrime,manymorethanweareabletopunish.1:
Thismeansthateachyearmorethan41millioncrimesarecommitted,whichisfarmorethanthepolicecanhandle.
Amounttosomething:
tobeequalto,inquantityorinmeaning,e.g.
Theseeminglypoliteletteramountstoarefusal.
Hersavingsdon’tamounttomuch.
Whenhedied,hisdebtsamountedtofiftythousanddollars.
③Thebestestimatessuggestthat36millionto40millionpeople(16to18percentoftheU.S.population)havearrestrecordsfornontrafficoffenses.1:
Accordingtothemostfavorablejudgment,36millionto40millionpeople,amountingto16to18percentoftheU.S.population,haveatsometimebeenarrestedforactsofwrongdoing,notincludingthoseofbreakingtrafficrulesandregulations.
Suggest:
tostateindirectly,e.g.
Hissilencesuggesteddisagreement.
Thefiguressuggestthattheincomeofthelocalpeopleisincreasing.
④Wealreadyhave2.4millionpeopleundersomeformofcorrectionalsupervision,412,000ofthemlockedawayinaprisoncell.1:
Inthiscountry,therearealready2.4millionpeoplewhoarereceivingpunishmentinoneformoranother;412,000ofthemareservingtheirprisonterms/keptinprison.
Undercorrectionalsupervision:
aeuphemism(=theuseofapleasanternameforsomethingthoughttobeunpleasant),meaningbeingdisciplined,orbeingmadetoimproveone’sbehaviorunderthecontrol/chargeofthecommunity,etc.asapunishment
Locksomebodyaway:
toputsomebodyinprison
Locksomethingaway:
toputsomethinginasafeplaceandfastenthelock,e.g.
Shelocksimportantpapersawayinadrawer.
Culturalnote:
IntheU.S.,besidesimprisonment,thereareotherformsofpunishment.Forexample,youngpeoplewhobreakthelawcanbeputintoareformschool/reformatory(inBritain,communityhome)wheretheyreceivetraining.Ortheymightberequiredtodocommunityserviceworkforafixednumberofhours.
⑤.Wedon’thaveroomforanymore.1:
Thecountrydoesnothaveenoughprisonsformorethan412,000criminals.
⑥.Thisiswhythecertaintyandseverityofpunishmentmustgodownwhenthecrimerategoesup.2:
Thisiswhyatthepresentmomentnotallcrimesarepunishedandthepunishmentforcrimesislessseverethanbeforeeventhoughthecrimerateisontheincrease.
Notethewriter’schoiceofwordtocontrastcrimerateandtheseverityofpunishment:
goupandgodown
Goup:
torise,
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