英国议会制辩论赛规则史上全.docx
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英国议会制辩论赛规则史上全.docx
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英国议会制辩论赛规则史上全
英国议会制辩论赛规则史上全
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IDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateRules
IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则
TherulesofIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateareintendedtocloselyfollowthoseoftheWorldsUniversitiesDebatingChampionships(WUDC).TheydifferinsomeplacestoprovidetournamentdirectorsoptionsofdeviatingfromtheWUDCruleswhentheyneedtodoso.
IDEA议会制四队辩论赛谨遵循世界大专辩论赛(WUDC)的规则。
两者略有不同之处,以便比赛主办方根据需要灵活操作。
TheTeamsandMotions
TheteamssupportingthemotionintheIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebatearereferredtoasthe"Proposition."Theteamsarguingagainstthemotionareknownasthe"Opposition"teams.
A“motion”isthestatementaroundwhichthedebatetakesplace.ThemotiondividesthegroundinthedebatebetweenthePropositionandOppositionteamsandshouldallowforreasonableargumentsbothforandagainst.
Ordinarily,motionsareannouncedshortlybeforeeachdebatebegins.Adifferentmotionwillbeusedforeachdebateandwillbepresentedtothedebatersataspecifiedtime,usuallyfifteentothirtyminutespriortothedebate.Insomesituationsgeneraltopicareas(forexample“environment”or“internationalrelations”)orevenspecificmotionsthemselvesmaybeannouncedpriortothetournament.
参赛队伍及辩题
在IDEA议会制四队辩论赛中,支持辩题的队伍为“正方”,反对辩题的队伍为“反方”。
“辩题”,即辩论所围绕展开的议题。
辩题将辩手分为正反两方,且双方均有合理辩论的余地。
通常,辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布;每轮辩题均不相同。
有时,辩题范围(如“环境问题”,“国际关系”等)甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。
Themotionwillbeannouncedtoalldebaterssimultaneouslyinacentrallocation.Preparationtimewillbebetweenfifteenandthirtyminutes,atthediscretionofthetournamentdirector.Ingeneral,debatersmayconferwiththeirdebatepartnerduringpreparationtime.Insomecases,aTournamentDirectormayallowdebaterstoconferwiththeircoachortutor.Duringthistimethedebatersmayconsultanywrittenmaterials.TherulesoftheWorldUniversitiesDebatingChampionshipspermitdebaterstoaccessanywrittenmaterialduringthedebate;othertournamentspermitthedebaterstoaccessonlythenotestheymadeinpreparationtime.Electronicretrievaldevicestypicallyarenotallowedduringpreparation,thoughelectronicdictionariestypicallyarepermittedforsecond-languagespeakers.
辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。
准备时间为十五至三十分钟,由大赛主办方规定。
通常,辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨论。
某些情况下,主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。
此间,辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。
世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料;而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的资料。
准备期间,通常可以使用电子词典,但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。
TheDebateFormat
Fourteamsparticipateineachdebate:
twoonthePropositionandtwoontheOpposition.Eachteamworksindependentlytoeithersupportoropposethemotion.Eachteamismadeupoftwospeakers;eachspeakerwillpresentaspeechnottoexceed7minutesintheorderprescribedbelow.
辩论模式
每场辩论由四队参加:
正方两队,反方两队。
各队独立准备。
每队两名辩手,每位辩手按如下顺序陈词,不超过7分钟。
SummaryoftheDebateFormat
TeamCommonTitlesforSpeakerTime
1stProposition,1stSpeaker“PrimeMinister”7minutes
1stOpposition,1stSpeaker“LeaderoftheOpposition”7minutes
1stProposition,2ndSpeaker“DeputyPrimeMinister7minutes
1stOpposition,2ndSpeaker“DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition”7minutes
2ndProposition,1stSpeaker“MemberfortheGovernment”7minutes
2ndOpposition,1stSpeaker“MemberfortheOpposition”7minutes
2ndProposition,2ndSpeaker“GovernmentWhip”7minutes
2ndOpposition,2ndSpeaker“OppositionWhip7minutes
辩论模式简要
辩手辩手名称时间
正方一队,一辩首相"PrimeMinister"7分钟
反方一队,一辩反对党领袖"LeaderoftheOpposition"7分钟
正方一队,二辩副首相"DeputyPrimeMinister"7分钟
反方一队,二辩反对党副领袖"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"7分钟
正方二队,一辩内阁成员"MemberfortheGovernment"7分钟
反方二队,一辩反对党成员"MemberfortheOpposition"7分钟
正方二队,二辩内阁党鞭陈词"GovernmentWhip"7分钟
反方二队,二辩反对党党鞭陈词"OppositionWhip"7分钟
ParliamentaryPointsofInformation
Debatersmayofferapointofinformation(eitherverballyorbyrising)atanytimeafterthefirstminute,andbeforethelastminute,ofanyspeech.Thedebaterholdingthefloormayacceptorrefusepointsofinformation.Ifaccepted,thedebatermakingtherequesthasfifteensecondspresentthepointofinformation.Duringthepointofinformation,thespeakingtimeofthefloordebatercontinues.
Ifaccepted,thedebaterofferingthepointofinformationisallowedtoaskaquestion,offerabriefargument,orofferabriefrefutationofsomepoint.Thedebaterwhoacceptedthepointofinformationshouldrespondtothepointimmediately.
Nootherparliamentarypointssuchaspointsoforderorpointsofpersonalprivilegeareallowed.
议会制辩论质询
在所有陈词中,除第一分钟及最后一分钟外,辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。
正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。
一旦质询被接受,质询者有15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。
质询时间将被计算在陈词时间内。
如质询被接受,质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。
正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。
议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。
SpeakerRolesandSpeechPurposes
Eachspeakerhasaroleandeachspeechshouldhaveapurpose.Thedescriptionsofspeakerrolesandspeechpurposeslistedbelowaresuggestiveandarenotintendedtobeexhaustiveorexclusive.Forreasonsthatvaryfromdebatetodebate,speakersmaysometimesneedtofulfillrolesnotmentionedhereandspeechesmaybeconstructedtoserveotherpurposesaslongaspropositionspeakersaffirmthepropositionandoppositionspeakersopposeit.Debaterswillbejudgedontheoverallstrengthofeachteam’sarguments,notsimplyonwhetherornottheyfulfilledtherolesandresponsibilitieslistedinthetablebelow.
Allspeakers,exceptthefinalspeakersforthepropositionandopposition(PropositionandOppositionWhips),shouldintroducenewmaterialintothedebate.Alldebaters,excepttheopeningspeaker(PrimeMinister),shouldengageinrefutation.
SummaryofSpeakerRolesandResponsibilities
TeamSpeakerRolesandResponsibilities
FirstProposition“PrimeMinister”
TheprimaryroleofFirstPropositionteam,initiatedinthisspeech,istoestablishthefoundationformeaningfuldebateonthemotion.
ThePrimeMinister’sresponsibilitiesmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)offerareasonableinterpretationofthemotion,2)topresentacasesupportingthatinterpretation.AcaseissimplyoneormoreargumentssupportingtheFirstProposition’sinterpretationofthemotion,and
3)otherstrategiesdeemedimportantbythePrimeMinister.
FirstOpposition“LeaderoftheOpposition”TheprimaryrolesoftheFirstOppositionteamaretoconfronttheFirstGovernment’scaseandtoestablishtheFirstOpposition’sstrategyforopposingthiscase.
TheLeaderoftheOpposition’sresponsibilitiesmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
:
1)todirectlyorindirectlyrefutepartorallofthegovernment'scase,
2)tomakeatleastoneargumentthatdemonstrateswhytheFirstOppositionteamopposesthemotionasinterpretedbythePrimeMinister,and
3)topursueotherstrategiesdeemedimportantbythe“LeaderoftheOpposition.”
Theoppositionspeakermayalsochallengetheinterpretationofthegovernment'scaseifitisunreasonable,thatis,ifitcompletelymisinterpretsthemotionthemotionorseverelyinhibitsmeaningfuldebate.
FirstProposition“DeputyPrimeMinister”TheDeputyPrimeMinister’sresponsibilitiesmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)toreestablishtheFirstProposition’scasebyconfrontinganyrefutationpresentedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition,
2)torefutesomeoralloftheargumentspresentedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition.
3)tofurtherdevelopthecasepresentedbythePrimeMinister,and
4)otherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheDeputyPrimeMinister.
FirstOpposition"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"TheDeputyLeaderoftheOpposition’sresponsibilitiesmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)tocontinuerefutationinitiatedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition,
2)toreestablishtheLeaderofOpposition’sargumentsagainstthemotion,
3)toinitiateanewargumentagainstthemotionasinterpretedbytheFirstPropositionteam,and
4)topurseotherstrategiesasdeemedimportantbytheDeputyLeaderoftheOpposition.
SecondProposition“MemberoftheGovernment”TheprimaryrolesoftheSecondPropositionteamaretosupporttheFirstPropositionteamwhilesimultaneouslymovingthepropositionpositioninanewandpositivedirection.
TheresponsibilitiesoftheMemberoftheGovernmentmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)tobrieflysupportthecasedevelopedbytheFirstPropositionteam,
2)tointroduceadifferentargument,sometimescalleda“caseextension”whichisconsistentwithyetdifferentfromthecaseintroducedbytheFirstPropositionteam,and
3)topursueotherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheMemberoftheGovernment.
SecondOpposition“MemberoftheOpposition”TheprimaryrolesoftheSecondOppositionteamaretosupporttheFirstOppositionteamwhilesimultaneouslymovingtheoppositionpositioninanewandpositivedirection.
TheresponsibilitiesoftheMemberoftheOppositionmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)tobrieflysupportoneormoreargumentsintroducedbytheFirstOppositionteam,
2)tointroducedirectand/orindirectrefutationtothecaseextensionpresentedbytheMemberofGovernment,
3)tointroducesomenewargument,compatiblewith,butdifferentfromthatoftheFirstOppositionTeam,and
4)topursueotherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheMemberofOpposition.
SecondProposition“GovernmentWhip”TheresponsibilitiesoftheGovernmentWhipmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1)tosupportanynewargumentsintroducedbytheMemberofGovernment,
2)toreplytoanynewargumentsintroducedbytheMemberofOpposition,
3)tosummarizethedebatefromtheperspectiveofthePropositionTeams,especiallyfromthatoftheSecondPropositionteam,and
4)topursueotherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheGovernmentWh
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