英美概况课后练习答案.docx
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英美概况课后练习答案.docx
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英美概况课后练习答案
Britainversion2.0
PartOneGeography
ChapterIAbriefintroductiontophysicalgeography
WhereistheU.K.?
Andwhatisitmadeupof?
Whatisitstotalarea?
-TheU.K.issituatedinNorthwesternEurope,lyingtothenorthofFranceandthewestoftheNetherlandsandDenmark.ItismadeupofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland.Itstotalareais242534squarekilometers.
WhatarethepresentfeaturesoftheclimateofBritain?
-Britainhasamaritimec1imate--wintersarenottoocoldandsummersare:
nottoohot.Therefore,itstemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange,rarelyfallingbelow-5'Cinwinterorrisingabout24'Cinsummer.Sunshinehoursarefewerinmoresoutherlyclimates
The"backboneofEngland":
ItreferstothePennines,arangeofhillsextendingabout257kmsouthwardfromtheCheviotHillsontheScottishbordertocentralEngland.
Whatpercentageofthecountry'swaterrequirementsareobtainedfromundergroundsources?
-About38%ofthecountry'swaterrequirementsdependonundergroundsources.
ChapterIIIEconomy
WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheBritisheconomy?
-TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.Britainwasoneoftheworld'smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.Thepoundsterlingistheexchangecurrencyforaboutonethirdoftheworld'sforeigntrade.Theagriculturedoesnotproduceenoughfoodtomeetthecountry'sbasicneedsandpartofallvitalfoodstuffshastobeimported.Thelaborforceishomogeneous.
ChapterVTheMainCities
WhichcityisthecapitalofEnglandandGreatBritain?
IsitthepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth?
-LondonisthecapitalofEngland,anditisalsothepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth.
WhatdoesLondonconsistofadministratively?
-LondonadministrativelyconsistsofthecityofLondon,theoriginalnucleus,retainingamedievalsystemofgovernmentofcourtsofaldermenandanelectedlordmayor;andGreaterLondonametropolitancounty,madeupofInnerLondonboroughsand20OuterLondonboroughs.
GreaterLondon:
Itisametropolitancounty(pop.7million),madeupof12InnerLondonboroughs,20OuterLondonboroughs.
PartThreeCulture
ChapterIEducation
Howmanyyearsdoesapupilstudyataprimarystateschool?
-Sixyears,fromtheageoffivetoeleven.
Whichtypeofschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation?
-Grammarschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation.
HowmanytypesofuniversitiesarethereinBritain?
Whichtwouniversitiesarethemostfamousones?
-Therearefivetypes:
1)olduniversities,2)thefourScottishuniversities,3):
themiddle-ageduniversities,4)thenewuniversities,5)theOpenUniversity,andBuckinghamUniversity(independentuniversity).OxfordandCambridgearetheoldestandthemostfamousintheworld.
Howare"public"schoolsfinanced?
-PublicschoolsintheUKarefinancedmainlybyfeespaidbyparentsandprivatefunds.
EtonCollege:
ItisoneofthelargestindependentsecondaryschoolsinEnglandandoneofthemostprestigious.
Howdoyouunderstand"Marriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily"?
-Britishsocietyisbasedonfamilylifeandthefamilyisaself-containedeconomicandsocialunitwithmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouse.Somarriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily.
Howdothenewlywedssolvetheproblemofhousing?
-1)Theylookthroughadvertisementstofindahouseforrent.2)Theymaymortgageahousethroughabuildingsociety.3)Iftheyhaveenoughmoneytheymaybuyahouse,butthisseldomhappens.
WhatisthefirstcourseofanEnglishlunch?
DoyouthinkitsimilarordifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood?
-ThefirstcourseofanEnglishlunchisasmallquantityofsoup.ItisdifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood.InChinathisisusuallythelastcourse.
CanyoushowusanexampleoftheconservativecharacteristicoftheBritishpeople?
-OneexampleisthattheBritishpeoplehavebeenslowadoptingrationalreforms,suchasthemetricsystem.
SomepeoplesaythattheEnglishmanislikeacoldfishthathasjustcomeoutoftheice.Whatdoyouthinkofthat?
-Thismaybetrue.TheBritishpeoplearecoldbynature.Theydonotshowtheirfeelingsverymuchanddonotshowtheiremotioniftheyareveryhappyandneitherdotheyiftheyaresad.Forexample,whenyouworkatafactory,theguywhomyouworkwithnevertellsyouanythingabouthimself.Youmayworkwithhimforyears,yetyouevendon'tknowwherehelives,howmanychildrenhehasandwhathisinterestsare.
fierceindividualism:
Itistheideathattherightsandfreedomoftheindividualarethemostimportantrights.
exclusiveness:
Thisisthebest-knownqualityoftheBritishpeople.Itmeans,"IamEnglish.Youstayawayfromme.Iamexclusive.Iamquitehappytobe:
myself.Idonotneedyou.Leavemealone."
ChapterIIICustomsandHabits
WhatdidJohnBulldenoteintheseventeenthcenturyandwhatishisimage?
-JohnBulldenotesBritainoranyEnglishmaninthe17thcentury.Hisimageisshortandfat,withatallhatonhisheadandpairofbootsonhisfeet.
WhydoesanEnglishmanliketotalkabouttheweather?
-Thereareprobablytworeasons.Oneistheuncertaintyoftheweather.Anotherreasonisthatweatherisasubjectwhichisquitesafe,friendlytotalk.about.
Whatarethethree"Don'ts"?
Andthree"ings"?
-Three"Don'ts":
Don'tjumpupthequeue.Don'taskawoman'sage.Don'ttrytobargaininBritainwhenyoudoshopping.
Three"Ings":
betting,drinkingandtipping.
JohnBull:
ItisthenicknameofEnglandoratypicalEnglishman.
ChapterIVHolidaysandFestivals
Howlongapproximatelydotheindustrialworkershaveforholidays?
-Theindustrialworkershaveatleastfourweeks'paidholiday.
HowdotheEnglishpeopleusuallyspendholidays?
-Theyusuallyspendtheirholidaysattheresortsoftheseaside.Theretheyhaveswimming,bathing,orhaveotherkindsofamusement,suchasshooting,roundabouts,watchingabeautycontest,goingtoaconcertoraparty.Andsomeofthepeoplegoabroadforsightseeing.
WhatfestivalisthegreatestinBritain?
Whatisitssignificanceandatwhattimeisitcelebrated?
-ChristmasDayisthegreatestfestivalinBritain.Itssignificance•istocommemoratethebirthofJesusChristwhichisonDecember25.
Christmas:
ChristmasDayisonDecember25,whichisthegreatestoftheChristianfestivals,commemoratingitasthebirthofJesusChrist.Itisbasically,ahomeorfamilyfestival.Thosewholiveawaytrytogetbackhometo:
celebratethedaywiththefamily.Peoplesendpresents;cardstoeachotherespeciallychildrenhavetheirpresentsfromSantaClaus.Peopleusuallyhavealsumptuousdinner,manykindsofamusement.
ChapterVWagesandSocialBenefits
HowlongisthestandardworkingweekusuallyinBritain?
-Thestandardworkingweekisusuallythirty-fiveandfortyhours,andoftenspreadoverfivedays,fromMondaytoFriday.
WhatisthedifferencebetweenwagesandSalary?
-Wagesispaymentmadeorreceivedforworkorservices,usuallyweekincash.Salaryispaymentforregularwork,usuallymonthly.
HowmanykindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom?
-TherearemainlysixkindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom.TheyareOccupationalPension,PersonalPension,StatePension,PensionCredit,Over80PensionandStakeholderPension.
WhatarethethreemaingroupsofChristianity?
WhichgroupdoestheChurchofEnglandbelongto?
-ThethreegroupsofChristianityareCatholicism,theOrthodoxEasternChurch,andProtestantism.TheChurchofEnglandbelongstoProtestantism.
WhatarethemainfeaturesandtendenciesofreligioninBritain?
-Themainfeaturesare:
1)Thereisno"Christian"politicalparty,noanti-religiousoranti-clericalpartyeither.2)Thereisawidespreadinterestinreligion.ThemaintendenciesofreligioninBritainare1)theunityamongthechurches,2)moresocial,3)up-to-date.
WhatareCrown'sconstitutionalrights?
-TheQueenappointedallministersintheGovernment.Shesummons,prologuesanddissolvesParliament.Sheconcludestreatiesanddeclareswar.Inthenewsessionshemakestheopeningspeechandoutlineshergovernment'sprogramme.Shegivesherassenttobillsbeforetheybecomelaw.Sheconferspeeragesandotherhonors.
WhatisthecoreoftheleadershipoftheBritishgovernment?
-TheCabinetisthecoreoftheleadershipoftheBritishgovernment.
WhatdoestheCabinetconsistof?
-TheCabinetconsistsofthePrimeMinister,theLordPresidentofthePrivycouncil,theheadsofthemostimportantDepartmentsandafewministerswithoutportfolios.
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