毕业设计中英文翻译.docx
- 文档编号:28025438
- 上传时间:2023-07-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:30KB
毕业设计中英文翻译.docx
《毕业设计中英文翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《毕业设计中英文翻译.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
毕业设计中英文翻译
英文
Theroad(highway)
Theroadisonekindoflinearconstructionusedfortravel.Itismadeoftheroadbed,theroadsurface,thebridge,theculvertandthetunnel.Inaddition,italsohasthecrossingoflines,theprotectiveprojectandthetrafficengineeringandtheroutefacility.
Theroadbedisthebaseofroadsurface,roadshoulder,sideslope,sideditchfoundations.Itisstonematerialstructure,whichisdesignedaccordingtoroute'splaneposition.Theroadbed,asthebaseoftravel,mustguaranteethatithastheenoughintensityandthestabilitythatcanpreventthewaterandothernaturaldisasterfromcorroding.
Theroadsurfaceisthesurfaceofroad.Itissingleorcomplexstructurebuiltwithmixture.Theroadsurfacerequirebeingsmooth,havingenoughintensity,goodstabilityandanti-slipperyfunction.Thequalityofroadsurfacedirectlyaffectsthesafe,comfortandthetraffic.
Theroutemarkingisonekindoftrafficsafetyfacilitypaintedbyoilpaintormadebytheconcreteandtilesonhigh-level,lesshigh-typesurface.Itsfunctioniscoordinatingthesigntomaketheeffectivecontroltothetransportation,directingthevehiclesskiproadtravel,servingunimpededandthesafepurpose.Ourcountry’sroadroutemarkinghasthelanemedianline,thetrafficlaneboundary,thecurbline,theparkingline,theconductioncurrentbelt,thepedestriancrossingline,thefourcornerscentercircle,theparkingazimuthline.Theroutemarkinghasthecontinualsolidline,thebrokenlineandthearrowindicatoranditscolorusesthewhiteortheyellow.
Thearchofbridgeisthestructurewhichstridesoverrivers,mountainvalleyandchannel.Itismadegenerallybysteelrod,concreteandstone.
Thetunnelisthecavewhichconnectsbothsidesoftheroad.Thetechniqueofthisconstructionisverycomplex,thecostoftheprojectsishigherthancommonroad.However,itreducesthedrivingdistancebetweentwoplaces,enhancesthegradeofthetechnicalinbuildingtheroadandguaranteesthecarscandrivefastandsafely,thusreducesthecostoftransportation.
Theprotectiveprojectistoprotectandconsolidatetheroadbedinorderthatitcanguaranteetheintensityandthestabilityoftheroad,thusmaintainstheautomobiletopassthroughsafely.
Inordertoguaranteethatsafeoperationofthehighwaytransportation,besidesthehighwayengineeringandthevehiclesperformance,itmusthavesometrafficsignal,routemarking,eachkindofdirectoranddemonstratefacility.Thehighwaymarkingusescertainmarkanddrawsymbol,simplewordsandnumber,theninstallsinthesuitableplacetoindicatethefrontroad'sconditionortheaccidentconditionincludingtheinformationalsign,thewarningsignal,theprohibitorysign,theroadsignandsoon.
TheroadwhichJoincity,villageandindustry,mainlyareusedfortheautomobileandhascertaintechnicalstandardandthefacilitypathcanbecalledthehighway.“Thehighway”inChineseisthemodernview,butitwasnotexistedinoldday.Itgetsthenamefromthemeaningofbeingusedforthepublictraffic.Wherearethehuman,therearetheroad.Itisatruth.However,theroadisnotthehighway.Ifwetalkthehistoryabouttheroad,theearliesthighwayisthatbuiltbytheoldEgyptiansformakingthepyramid.NextisthestreetwhichbuiltbytheBabylonpeopleabout4000yearsago.Allthesearemuchearlierthanourcountry.
About500B.C.,thePersianEmpireroadhaslinkedupEastandWest,andconnectedtheroadtoChina.ItistheearliestandlongestSilkRoad.2500yearsago,itmightbethegreatestroad.TheancientRomeEmpire’sroadwasoncecelebrated;ittookRomeasthecenter,allaroundbuilt29roads.Thereforeitcameoutonecommonsaying:
everyroadleadstoRome.
Theroad'sconstructionistheprocesstoenhancetechniqueandrenewthebuildingmaterials.Theearliestistheoldroad,itiseasytobuildbutitisalsotodestroy.Ifthereistoomuchwaterorcars,itwillbeunevenandevenbedestroyed.ThemacadamroadappearedintheEuropewhichoutbalancedtheearliestmudroad.ThenthebrickroadappearedwhichwasearlierthanChina.Itwasonegreatbreachthatwemoldedbitumenonthemacadamroad.Fromancienttimestothepresent,Chinahascourierstationandcourierroad,whilethefirstmoreadvanceroadwastheonethatfromLongZhouinGangXitoZhenNanGuanin1906.
ThedifferencebetweenRoadandpath
Thepathistheprojectforeachkindofvehiclesandpeopletopassthrough.Accordingtoitsfunction,wecandivideitintotheurbanroad,theroad,thefactoriesandminespath,theforestroadandcountyroad.
Theclassificationofroad
First,accordingtoadministrativerank,itincludesnationalhighway,provinceroad,countyroadandthespecialroad.Generallythenationalhighwayandprovinceroadarenamedmainline;thecountyroadisnamedbranchline.
Thenationalroadisthemainlineandhaspoliticalandeconomysignificance,includingtheimportantnationaldefenseroadandtheroadcollectingourcapitalwithotherprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalities.Itisalsotheroadlinkstheeconomycenter,seaporthinge,factoryandimportantstrategicplace.Thehighwaystridingoverdifferentprovincesarebuilt,protectedandmanagedbythespecialorganizationswhichareapprovedbytheministryofcommunications.
Theprovincialroadisthemainlinebuilt,protected,managedbytheroadmanagedepartment.Itisfullofpoliticalandeconomicsensetothewholeprovince.
Thesinglewayfourlevelsofroadscanadaptbeloweachdayandnightmedium-dutytruckvolumeoftraffic200.
Thecountyrouteisreferstohascounty-wide(county-levelcity)politics,theeconom-icsignificance,connectsinthecountyandthecountythemaintownship(town),theprin-cipalcommoditiesproductionandthecollectionanddistributioncenterroad,aswellasdoesnotbelongtothefederalhighway,provincialroad'scountybordertheroad.Thecoun-tyroutebythecounty,thecityroadDepartmentresponsiblefortheworkisresponsible
toconstruct,themaintenanceandthemanagement.
Thetownshiproadreferstomainlytheroadwhichforthetownship(town)thevilla-geeconomy,theculture,theadministrationserves,aswellasdoesnotbelongtoabovet-hecountyroutebetweenroad'stownshipandthetownshipandthetownshipandtheexte-riorcontactroad.Townshipisresponsiblebythepeople'sgovernmenttoconstruct,them-aintenanceandthemanagement.
Thespecial-purposeroadisreferstofeedsspeciallyormainlysuppliesthefactoriesandmines,theforestregion,thefarm,theoilfield,thetouristarea,themilitaryimportantplaceandsoonandtheexternalrelationsroad.Thespecial-purposeroadisresponsiblebythespecial-purposeunittoconstruct,themaintenanceandthemanagement.Mayalsoentrustthelocalroaddepartmenttoconstruct,themaintenanceandthemanagement.
Second,accordingtotheuseduty,thefunctionandadaptsthevolumeoftrafficdivision.
Accordingtoourcountrypresent"HighwayengineeringTechnicalstandard"theroadaccordingtotheuseduty,thefunctionandtheadaptationvolumeoftra-fficdividesintohighway,arterialroad,second-classroad,tertiaryhighway,fourlevelofroadfiveranks:
1st,thehighwaytofeedspeciallytheautomobileandshouldcontrolthedifferencec-ompletelyrespectivelytowardthedividingstriponroadstravelthemultiplehighway.
Thefourtrafficlanehighwaysoughttobeabletoadapteachkindofautomobilereducepassengervehicle'syearmeandiurnalvolumeoftraffic25000~55000.
Thesixtrafficlanehighwaysoughttobeabletoadapteachkindofautomobilereducepassengervehicle'syearmeandiurnalvolumeoftraffic45000~80000.
Theeighttrafficlanehighwaysoughttobeabletoadapteachkindofautomobiler-educepassengervehicle'syearmeandiurnalvolumeoftraffic60000~100000.
2nd,thearterialroadtosupplytheautomobileandmayaccordingtoneedtocontrolthedifferencerespectivelytowardthedividingstriponroadstravelthemultiplehighway.
Thefourtrafficlanearterialroadsoughttobeabletoadapteachkindofautomobilreducepassengervehicle'syearmeandiurnalvolumeoftraffic15000~30000.
Thesixtrafficlanearterialroadsoughttobeabletoadapteachkindofautomobilereducepassengervehicle'syearmeandiurnalvolumeoftraffic25000~55000.
3rd,thesecond-classroadtosupplytheautomobiletravelthetwo-lanehighway.
Canadapteachdayandnights3000~7500medium-dutytruckvolumeoftrafficgenerally.
4rd,tertiaryhighwaystomainlysupplytheautomobiletravelthetwo-lanehighway.
Canadapteachdayandnights1000~4000medium-dutytruckvolumeoftrafficgenerally.
The5,fourlevelsofroadstomainlysupplytheautomobiletravelthetwo-laneorthesingle-lanehighway.
Thetwo-lanefourlevelsofroadscanadaptbeloweachdayandnightmedium-dutytruckvolumeoftraffic1500.
HighwayengineeringincludesHighwayplanninglocationdesignandmaintenance.BeforethedesignandconstructionofanewhighwayorhighwayimprovementcanbeundertakentheremintbegeneralplaningandconsiderationoffinancingAspartofgeneralplanningitisdecidedwhatthetrafficneedofthereawillbeforaconsiderableperiod,generally20years,andwhatconstructionwillmeetthoseneeds.Toassesstrafficneedsthehighwayengineercollectsandanalyzesinformationaboutthephysicalfeaturesofexistingfacilities,thevolume,distribution,andcharacterofpresenttraffic,andthechangestobeexpectedinthesefactor.Thehighwayengineermustdeterminethemostsuitablelocationlayout,andcapacityofthenewrouteandstructures.Frequently,aprel
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 毕业设计 中英文 翻译