最新初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案资料.docx

最新初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案资料.docx

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最新初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案资料

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一．基本讲解来源：

直接引语变间接引语

概念:

在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

Eg:

Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.

Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.（动词宾语）

1.引导词

（1）that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。

Eg:

Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid（that）shewantedtogothere.

（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。

Eg:

“Areyouinterestedingeography?

”shesaid.

Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.

Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.

I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.

注意：

一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外

　a.介词短语后只用whether不用if

　　eg:

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.

　b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.

　　eg:

Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime

c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.

Eg:

Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.

Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.

（3）.特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为：

how,when,where,why,whichwhose.

E.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?

’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.

Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.

Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.

2.宾语从句时态

a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制

eg:

Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?

I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.

ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.

Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态

Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（过去一般）

Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）

IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去将来）

注意：

当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。

例如：

Eg:

Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）

Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）

3.语序：

陈述语序，主+谓+其他

*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?

（Couldyoupleasetellme）

CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?

*Hassheseenthemovie？

（Heasked.）

Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.

*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?

宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。

它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。

现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：

一，引导词

  　　A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。

连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。

  　　例：

Itoldhimthathewaswrong.

  　　l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。

  　　例：

Idon’tthinkyouareright.（我认为你做的不对）

  　　l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。

  　　例：

Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone（我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的）

  　　B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。

Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。

  　　例：

Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.

  　　Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.

  　　l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导

  　　例：

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。

  　　l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.

  　　例：

Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.

  　　l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.

  　　例：

Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.

二，宾语从句的语序，

  　　宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

  　　例：

Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.

  　　HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.

  　　Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.

三，宾语从句的时态。

  　　宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，

  　　既：

主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。

  　　主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

  　　例:

  　　1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.

  　　Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

  　　2）ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.

  　　ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

  　　3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.

  　　Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

  　　4）ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.

  　　ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.

  　　l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

  　　例：

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

  　　HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.

  　　lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。

  　　例：

CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?

  　　注意事项：

  　　※由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。

  　　例：

Shesaid:

“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”

  　　ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.

  　　Sheaskedme:

“Doyoulikemaths?

”

  　　SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.

  　※宾语从句与简单句的交换。

  　　由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。

  　　例：

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.

宾语从句专项习题

巩固练习

1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave

C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme_________?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme________.

A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema

C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema

4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.

A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how

5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.

A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how

6.Iwonder_________.

A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost

C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost

7.Sheaskedme_________

A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis

8.Askhim___.

A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup

9.Idon’tknow_________.

A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie

C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts

10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.

A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill

11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.

A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow

C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow

12.Doyouknow_________?

A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis

C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto

13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?

A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape

14.Theywanttoknow_________?

A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou

C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying

15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.

A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking

B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.

A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if

17.Julydidn’tknow_________.

A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade

C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch

18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo

19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.

A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo

20.Heaskedme_________.

A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout

D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney

能力提高练习

1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．

A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.Ican'tunderstand_____.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.

A.who　B.what　C.when　D.where

12.Couldyoutellme___________?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

13.Doyoustillremember_______?

A.thathesaid　B.whathesaid　C.didhesaythat　D.whatdidhesay

14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.

A.whysheleft　B.whydidsheleave　C.whyshehadleft　D.whyhadsheleft

15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.

A.rise　B.rose　C.rises　D.hadrisen

16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.

A.howfar/hadgone　B.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/went　D.howfar/hadrun

17.Themanagercameuptosee__________.

A.whatwasthematter　B.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter

18.Canyoutellme___________?

A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit

19.Heaskedhisfather_______.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen

20.Noonetellsus______，soweneedyourhelp.

A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit

直击中考

1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..

A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway

C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate

2.---Whattimewill