剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译.docx

剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译.docx

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剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译

剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读局部-PASSAGE1-阅读真题原文局部:

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

StrikingBackatLightningWithLasers

Seldomistheweathermoredramaticthanwhenthunderstormsstrike.Theirelectricalfuryinflictsdeathorseriousinjuryonaround500peopleeachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Asthecloudsrollin,aleisurelyroundofgolfcanbeeaterrifyingdicewithdeath-outintheopen,alonegolfermaybealightningbolt'smostinvitingtarget.Andthereisdamagetopropertytoo.LightningdamagecostsAmericanpowerpaniesmorethan$100millionayear.

ButresearchersintheUnitedStatesandJapanareplanningtohitback.Alreadyinlaboratorytrialstheyhavetestedstrategiesforneutralisingthepowerofthunderstorms,andthiswintertheywillbraverealstorms,equippedwithanarmouryoflasersthattheywillbepointingtowardstheheavenstodischargethundercloudsbeforelightningcanstrike.

Theideaofforcingstormcloudstodischargetheirlightningonmandisnotnew.Intheearly1960s,researcherstriedfiringrocketstrailingwiresintothundercloudstosetupaneasydischargepathforthehugeelectricchargesthatthesecloudsgenerate.ThetechniquesurvivestothisdayatatestsiteinFloridarunbytheUniversityofFlorida,withsupportfromtheElectricalPowerResearchInstitute（EPRI）,basedinCalifornia.EPRI,whichisfundedbypowerpanies,islookingatwaystoprotecttheUnitedStates'powergridfromlightningstrikes.'Wecancausethelightningtostrikewherewewantittousingrockets,'saysRalphBernstein,manageroflightningprojectsatEPRI.Therocketsiteisprovidingprecisemeasurementsoflightningvoltagesandallowingengineerstocheckhowelectricalequipmentbearsup.

Badbehaviour

Butwhilerocketsarefineforresearch,theycannotprovidetheprotectionfromlightningstrikesthateveryoneislookingfor.Therocketscostaround$1,200each,canonlybefiredatalimitedfrequencyandtheirfailurerateisabout40percent.Andevenwhentheydotriggerlightning,thingsstilldonotalwaysgoaccordingtoplan.'Lightningisnotperfectlywellbehaved,'saysBernstein.'Occasionally,itwilltakeabranchandgosomeplaceitwasn'tsupposedtogo.'

Andanyway,whowouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsinapopulatedarea?

'Whatgoesupmustedown,'pointsoutJean-ClaudeDielsoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Dielsisleadingaproject,whichisbackedbyEPRI,totrytouselaserstodischargelightningsafely-andsafetyisabasicrequirementsincenoonewantstoputthemselvesortheirexpensiveequipmentatrisk.Witharound$500,000investedsofar,apromisingsystemisjustemergingfromthelaboratory.

Theideabegansome20yearsago,whenhigh-poweredlaserswererevealingtheirabilitytoextractelectronsoutofatomsandcreateions.Ifalasercouldgeneratealineofionisationintheairallthewayuptoastormcloud,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforetheelectricfieldbeesstrongenoughtobreakdowntheairinanuncontrollablesurge.Tostopthelaseritselfbeingstruck,itwouldnotbepointedstraightattheclouds.Insteaditwouldbedirectedatamirror,andfromthereintothesky.Themirrorwouldbeprotectedbyplacinglightningconductorscloseby.Ideally,thecloud-zapper（gun）wouldbecheapenoughtobeinstalledaroundallkeypowerinstallations,andportableenoughtobetakentointernationalsportingeventstobeamupatbrewingstormclouds.

Astumblingblock

However,thereisstillabigstumblingblock.Thelaserisnoniftyportable:

it'samonsterthattakesupawholeroom.Dielsistryingtocutdownthesizeandsaysthatalaseraroundthesizeofasmalltableisintheoffing.Heplanstotestthismoremanageablesystemonlivethundercloudsnextsummer.

BernsteinsaysthatDiels'ssystemisattractinglotsofinterestfromthepowerpanies.Buttheyhavenotyeteupwiththe$5millionthatEPRIsayswillbeneededtodevelopamercialsystem,bymakingthelasersyetsmallerandcheaper.'IcannotsayIhavemoneyyet,butI'mworkingonit,'saysBernstein.Hereckonsthattheforthingfieldtestswillbetheturningpoint-andhe'shopingforgoodnews.Bernsteinpredicts'anavalancheofinterestandsupport'ifallgoeswell.Heexpectstoseecloud-zapperseventuallycosting100,000each.

Otherscientistscouldalsobenefit.Withalightning'switch'attheirfingertips,materialsscientistscouldfindoutwhathappenswhenmightycurrentsmeetmatter.Dielsalsohopestoseethebirthof'interactivemeteorology'-notjustforecastingtheweatherbutcontrollingit.'Ifwecoulddischargeclouds,wemightaffecttheweather,'hesays.

Andperhaps,saysDiels,we'llbeabletoconfrontsomeothermeteorologicalmenaces.'Wethinkwecouldpreventhailbyinducinglightning,'hesays.Thunder,theshockwavethatesfromalightningflash,isthoughttobethetriggerforthetorrentialrainthatistypicalofstorms.Alaserthunderfactorycouldshakethemoistureoutofclouds,perhapspreventingtheformationofthegianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.Withluck,asthestormcloudsgatherthiswinter,laser-totingresearcherscould,forthefirsttime,strikeback.

Questions1-3

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.

1Themaintopicdiscussedinthetextis

AthedamagecausedtoUSgolfcoursesandgolfplayersbylightningstrikes.

BtheeffectoflightningonpowersuppliesintheUSandinJapan.

Cavarietyofmethodsusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.

Dalasertechniqueusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.

2Accordingtothetext,everyyearlightning

Adoesconsiderabledamagetobuildingsduringthunderstorms.

BkillsorinjuresmainlygolfersintheUnitedStates.

Ckillsorinjuresaround500peoplethroughouttheworld.

Ddamagesmorethan100Americanpowerpanies.

3ResearchersattheUniversityofFloridaandattheUniversityofNewMexico

Areceivefundsfromthesamesource.

Bareusingthesametechniques.

Careemployedbymercialpanies.

Dareinoppositiontoeachother.

Questions4-6

pletethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes4-6onyouranswersheet.

4EPRIreceivesfinancialsupportfrom………………………….

5TheadvantageofthetechniquebeingdevelopedbyDielsisthatitcanbeused……………….

6Themaindifficultyassociatedwithusingthelaserequipmentisrelatedtoits……………….

Questions7-10

pletethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-I,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes7-10onyouranswersheet.

Inthismethod,alaserisusedtocreatealineofionisationbyremovingelectronsfrom7………………………….Thislaseristhendirectedat8…………………………inordertocontrolelectricalcharges,amethodwhichislessdangerousthanusing9………………………….Asaprotectionforthelasers,thebeamsareaimedfirstlyat10………………………….

Acloud-zappersBatomsCstormclouds

DmirrorsEtechniqueFions

GrocketsHconductorsIthunder

Questions11-13

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes11-13onyouranswersheetwrite

YESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter

NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

11PowerpanieshavegivenDielsenoughmoneytodevelophislaser.

12Obtainingmoneytoimprovethelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.

13WeatherforecastersareintenselyinterestedinDiels'ssystem.

READINGPASSAGE1

　　篇章构造

体裁说明文

主题用激光回击闪电

构造　　第1段：

闪电带来的危害

　　第2段：

科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法

　　第3段：

先前的闪电回击术介绍

　　第4段：

火箭回击术的缺陷

　　第5段：

更平安的激光回击术

　　第6段：

激光回击术的技术原理

　　第7段：

激光回击术的缺陷

　　第8段：

通过实地实验改进激光回击术

　　第9段：

激光回击术对其他学科也有益处

　　第10段：

激光回击术的其他用途

　　解题地图

　　难度系数：

★★★

　　解题顺序：

按题目顺序解答即可

　　友情提示：

烤鸭们注意：

本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLECHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。

　　必背词汇

1.inflictv.造成

Thestrikesinflictedseriousdamageontheeconomy.罢工给经济造成了重大损失。

2.invitingadj.吸引人的

Thelogfirelookedwarmandinviting.篝火看上去温暖而诱人。

3.propertyn.财产；属性

Thehotelisnotresponsibleforanylossordamagetoguests’personalproperty.

　　酒店不承担宾客的任何个人财产的丧失或损坏。

aherbwithhealingproperties具有治疗效果的草药

physical/chemicalproperties物理特性/化学特性

4.fundv.资助，投资

Theprojectisjointlyfundedbyseverallocalpanies.这个工程得到了当地几家公司的联合资助。

government-fundedresearch政府资助的研究

5.backv.支持，帮助

Theschemehasbeenbackedbyseveralmajorpaniesintheregion.

　　这个工程得到了该地区几家大公司的支持。

SomesuspectedthattherebellionwasbackedandfinancedbytheUS.

　　有人疑心这次叛乱是由美国主使并资助的。

6.dischargev.放电；排出

Bothformsarereadilygasifiedbyelectricaldischargewithoutleavinganytangibleresidue.

　　两种形态都易被放电气化而不剩任何可触察的剩余。

7.emergev.出现，浮现

Thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.太阳从云朵中探出头来。

Eventuallythetruthemerged.真相最终浮出水面。

8.revealv.展现，显示；提醒，泄露

Hemaybeprosecutedforrevealingsecretsaboutthesecurityagency.

　　他可能会因为泄露局而遭检控。

Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisontwicebefore.他透露说他曾经坐过两次牢。

9.generatev.使产生

Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.这项方案会创造很多新职位。

Tourismgeneratesineforlocalmunities.旅游业给当地社区带来了收入。

10.surgen.涌流：

猛增

asurgeofexcitement一阵兴奋

asurgeofrefugeesintothecountry涌入该国的难民潮

asurgeinfoodcosts食品价格猛涨

11.installv.安装

They'veinstalledthenewputernetworkatlast.他们最终安装了新的计算机网络。

Securitycamerashavebeeninstalledinthecitycentre.市中心安装了平安摄像头。

12.niftyadj.灵便的

aniftylittlegadgetforsqueezingoranges一个榨橘子汁用的灵便小工具

13.intheoffing即将发生的

Bigc