英语重点语法知识点课件.docx
- 文档编号:28005700
- 上传时间:2023-07-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:26.07KB
英语重点语法知识点课件.docx
《英语重点语法知识点课件.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语重点语法知识点课件.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语重点语法知识点课件
高考语法知识点
一、深层语法
注意下面这些容易淡忘的硬性法则,有些甚至是打破常规的特殊规定,做题时千万千万别忘了:
1.冠词
①表示众多同类事物中的一个时名词即使带了修饰语也用不定冠词。
★★
Eg:
Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmadeadiscoverywhichcompletelychangedman’sunderstandingofcolor.
②表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词带上修饰语后改用不定冠词。
★★
Eg:
Whenthespaceshiptraveledabove,anew-lookingearthappearedbeforeus,anearththatwehadneverseenbefore.
②元音因素(注意:
不是字母是音素)开头的单词前用an,反之,辅音因素开头的单词前用a.★
Eg:
auniversity,ausefulbook,a“u”,an“e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x”,aninterestingstory,anorange,anhour,anhonestboy,an800-metrebridge.
④序数词前用不定冠词表示“又一”“再一”之意
Eg:
Myteacheraskedmetocopythearticleasecondtime.
⑤形容词最高级前用不定冠词表示“极其”之意。
2.代词、形容词和副词
①enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置;形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。
AlthoughshedidnotknowBostonwell,shemadeherwayeasilyenoughtotheHomeCircleBuilding. (2006)
②能够修饰比较级的程度副词:
。
。
。
一点点,稍微:
alittle,abit,slightly,any;。
。
。
得多:
many,much,alot,agreatdeal,far,byfar,greatly;甚至更。
。
。
:
even,allthe,still,yet.
③形容词可以作状语。
★★★
United,wecanmakeit.
Hefelltotheground,dead.
④注意几组特殊副词的意义及用法差别:
a.原意和抽象比喻意义上的差别,即前者用于可测量的较具体的事物,后者用于一种难以测量的抽象的比喻义.deep深地/deeply深深地;wide宽大地/widely广泛地;near近地/nearly很接近地,几乎;close近地/closely密切地;most极其/mostly主要地;★★
Theplayercanjumpreallyhigh,soweallspeakhighlyofhim.
b.有无-ly意义大不同:
dead完全地,绝对地/deadly极其地;pretty相当/prettily漂亮地;late迟地/lately最近;hard努力地/hardly几乎不;
Heworkshardinschoolwhilehisbrotherhardlyeverreadsabook.
3.情态动词和系动词
I.★情态动词有以下特别用法:
①can可表示“有时候会”。
★
Eg:
Themonkeyslooksweet,buttheycanbeverynaughty.
TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheworldwidewaitbecauseitcanbeveryslow.
②must可表示“硬要,偏偏”。
Eg:
---Howoldareyou,madam?
----Ifyoumustknow,I’mtwicemyson’sage.
③shall可用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
★★
Eg:
---Shallhecometoseeyou?
---I’dratherhedidn’t.
Shall也可用于二、三人称陈述句中表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁或法规。
★★★
Eg:
---Whatdoesthesignoverhereread?
----Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.
④should可表示“按理说应该”。
★★
Eg:
---WhencanIcallformyTVset?
----Itshouldbereadythisafternoon.
should也可表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊异、不能理解等,译作“竟然;居然”。
Eg:
Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.
⑤will可表示现在经常或习惯性的行为,译作“常常”。
过去的习惯性行为用would.
Eg:
Hewillgototheparkeverydayaftersupper.
will还可表示即时决定。
★
Eg:
---Johnwasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentyesterdayandshewassenttohospital.
---Oh,really?
Ididn’tknow.Iwillvisither.
----Didyoutellhimthegoodnews?
----Oh,no.Iforgot.Iwillcallhimnow.
⑥musthavedone只用于肯定句;can’thavedone;may/mighthavedone不用于疑问句。
★
II.系动词有以下硬性规定:
①go多与负面意思的形容词连用;还特别用于可立即逆转的颜色变化,如交通灯。
②turn用于表示达到某一年龄或超过某一时间。
还可表“成为”,此时后面直接接名词,即名词前不能加任何冠词.★
③make后接名词表示具有成为某种人的潜质。
如:
Hecanmakeagoodteacher。
④感观动词既可作系动词也可作实义动词,应注意从语义上来区别和正确使用。
Whenyouareill,youcan’ttasteproperly.Evenyourfavoritefoodtastesbad.
Theylookedsadlyatthemaster,becausethemaserhimselflookedsad.
Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmellsbadly,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmellbad.
4.非谓语动词:
①下列动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语是必须省略to,但在被动句中不可省,即V+sbdosth:
lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;have,let,make;listento,hear;feel.
简记:
五“看”三“使”两“听”一“感觉”。
to在句中像妖怪,主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来。
★★★
②绝大多数动词后接不定式作宾语,但有些动词只能接V-ing作宾语,即V+V-ing,常见的这些动词是:
consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto;excuse/pardon;admit;delay(putoff);fancy;avoid;miss;keep;practise;deny;finish;enjoy/appreciate;imagine;mind;allow/permit;escape;resist;forbid;risk.
词义口诀:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想,避免错过保持练,否认完成和欣赏,想像介意准逃亡,抵制禁止要冒险。
★★★
③too…to结构中如果too后接的是表情绪感受的形容词则此结构是肯定意义。
too前还常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副词,意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义。
★
④下列动词不能接不定式的复合结构sbtodosth:
hope,suggest,demand,welcome,arrange,agree.★
⑤On/Upon+V-ing或on+one’s+n可表示“一。
。
。
就。
。
。
”。
(接名词时要加上one’s)★
Onarriving/hisarrivalinShanghai,hecalledhisfriends.
Uponhisdeaththemanleftallhismoneytohischild.
⑥beingdone一般为分词,表示“正被。
。
。
”,即既表被动又表进行,但在介词和只能接V-ing的动词后它是动名词,表示“被。
。
。
”,只表被动不表进行!
!
!
★★★
⑦havingdone和havingbeendone一般不作定语。
★★★
⑧放在句首的目的状语只能用不定式,并且要用逗号与后面隔开,但作目的状语的不定式放句尾时不用逗号隔开。
★★★
⑨therebe句型的非谓语形式
作主语时可用therebeing也可用theretobe,但用for引出时则用theretobe
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
作宾语时通常用theretobe,但在介词和要求接V-ing作宾语的动词后用therebeing。
Chinesehatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.
Nobodytoldmeabouttherebeingameetingyesterday.
Ihavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.
作状语时多用therebeing。
但too…to…句型中则用theretobe.
Therebeingnobus,wehavetogohomeonfoot.
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyontheroad.
作定语
ThisisthefastesttrainthereistoNanking.这是现有的去南京的最快的火车。
ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.
5.名词性从句:
①名词性从句必须用陈述句语序.★★★
②宾语从句中主句为一般过去时时,从句必须用过去的某种时态(客观真理除外)。
★★★
6.定语从句:
①关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换,但下列情况只用that:
a.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词时
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?
Thereislittlethatcanbebelievedaboutit.
Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthatamuseschildren.
b.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时
I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.
Nosamplethatwenavereceivedissatisfactory.
Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.
Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthetime.
c.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰或是形容词最高级或序数词时
HamburgisthemostbeautifulcitythatI’veeverseen.
ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.
ThefirstmuseumthathevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.
Thisisthefirst/second/lastbook(that)hehasread.
d.先行词中既有人又有事物时
Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.
Avictimisaperson,animalorthingthatsufferspain,death,harm,etc.
e.关系代词在从句中作表语,或先行词指物且在主句中作表语时
Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Hedidn’tbecomethekindofpersonthathisfatherwantedhimtobe.
Itisasongthatisverypopular.
Itisabookthatwillhelpyoualot.
f.由which和who开头的问句中(避免重复)
Whichisthesubject(that)youaregoingtolearnnextterm?
Whoisthemanthatcametoseeyoujustnow?
Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?
Whothatyouaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow.
记忆口诀:
thevery,theonly;thesame,no,any;两项并列人与物;不定、序数、最高级。
(“不定”指不定代词,但指人的one/ones/anyone/those/he除外。
)★★★
③关系代词不用that,而用which,who,whom的情况:
a.在非限制性定语从句中,指事物用which,指人用who或whom。
Hemadethesamemistakesagain,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.
YesterdayIboughtadictionary,whichcostmemorethan100yuan.
Mr.Smith,whogaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.
Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,whomIhaven’tmetforalongtime.
Hisdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.
b.紧跟在介词后面,指事物用which,指人用whom。
Herbag,inwhichsheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.
Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.
XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.
Whichisthecar,theownerofwhichyouknow?
④关系代词指人时只能用who而不用that的情况:
先行词是one/ones/anyone/those/he时
®Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
®Theoneswhoareoftenlateshouldbepunished
Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.
Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.
Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.
ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.
HewhohasnotbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.
④关系代词只能用as的情况:
a.固定句型:
当先行词有same或such/so修饰时关系代词常用as(不用that).as充当宾语或表语.即:
thesame…as; such…as;so…as ★★★
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
Iwanttobuysuchabookasyouhave.
Heissogoodateacheraswealllike.
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
比较:
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
b.代替整个句子,意为“正如”时
c.代替整个句子放在句首时
⑤当前后构成因果关系时,关系代词代替整个句子只能用which
Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry.
Hisdogdied,whichmadehimverysad.
7.状语从句:
①时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时★★★
Eg:
Wewillgototheparkifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
Don’t/Youcan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.
②时间状语从句、条件状语从句和方式状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或主句的主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词,可以将主语和be动词省略。
★★★
While(hewas)stillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.(但whenhewasastudent不这么省。
此时就用whilestill替代)
Pleasechangetheverbformif/whennecessary.
Don’tspeakuntilaskedto.
Generallyspeaking,whentakentothedirections,thismedicinehasnosideeffect.
Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.
Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegunnothingcanbedonetochangeit.
Ifnottreated,thedeadlydiseasecouldspreadveryfastandcauseplentyofdeaths.
Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessifleftuntreated.
Onceateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.
Workhardwhenyoung,oryou’llregret.
Helookedeverywhereasifinsearchofsomething.
Whilewalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.
Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.
Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.
③由as,although,though引导的让步状语从句结构:
although/while不倒装,although多用于句首,while必须放在句首;though可倒装可不倒装;as/that必须倒装.★★★
a.表语的倒装:
(表语为名词时名词前不可加冠词!
!
!
)★★
While/Though/Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.→
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Tiredas/though/thathewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.b.状语的倒装:
(这时不可在状语之前加very修饰语!
!
!
)★
While/Though/Although Brucewalkedveryfast,hestillcouldn’tcatchupwithme.→Fastas/though/thatBrucewal
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 重点 语法 知识点 课件