北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解C篇汇总带答案.docx
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北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解C篇汇总带答案.docx
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北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解C篇汇总带答案
2021北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解C篇汇总
2021海淀高三一模
C
ThephilosopherMartinBuber,ismostknownforhisworkon"I-Thou/You”relationshipsinwhichpeople:
areopen,direct,mutuallyinterestedineachother.Incontrast,“I-It”relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheother,likeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.
Itisnotourfaultthatmanyofourrelationshipsareorbecome“It”relationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeel,thinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesofhowtosurvivetheenvironmentintowhichwewereborn.Thus,oneofthereasonsweuseotherpeopletohelpusfeelbetteraboutourselvesandcopeintheworldisthatusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryanditworked.Whenweweresmallandhelpless,“It”cameandfedus,andheldus,andsetusonourway.Wedidn'thavetoreciprocateandcarefor“It”.Evenwhenthecareandattentionof“It”wasminimalorunpredictable,ifwegotoutofchildhoodalive,somewherealongtheway“It”wasinvolved.
Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife"primarynarcissism",whichisourinstinct(本能)forself-preservationandisanormalpayofourdevelopment.Whilemostofusgrowoutofit,westillholdasurvivalfear.whichmotivatestoescapedangerandtostayalive,andweallneedthisfearinhealthymeasure.
Theproblemisthattoomanyofusmuchorthetime,areinaconstantstatethreat-andweoftendon’tknowit.Weimaginepeoplearetalkingaboutusbehindourbacks,thatwehavecancer,thatweareinadequate,andvulnerabletomorethanourshareofbadluck.Asourbrainhavegrowninsizeandcomplexity.sohasourabilitytoscareourselves.
Thiscausesmanyproblems,Forexample,ourstresslevelsincrease,ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted.Ourthreatresponsestopsanybodilyfunction,feeling,thoughtandbehaviorthatmight“waste”energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus,wheninthreat,ouremotional,cognitiveandbehavioralrangeissignificantlyreduced.
Andinthisreducedstate,oneofoursolutionsistofindsomeonewhocansaveandcomfortus.Insteadofenablingustobeopen,directandmutual,fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurvivingnotthriving(茁壮成长).Threat-motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,andself-interest.
Wecannotformthe“I-Thou”relationshipsthatBuberspeaksofuntilwehavelearnedtonotice,comfort,andunderstandtheemotionsandpatternsofourthreatbrain.Wheninthreat,wetendtouseotherpeopleasobjectswhocansaveandprotectus,orwhowecanblameforourproblems.
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Returnthefavour.B.Askforsomeadvice.
C.Conveyanapology.D.Makesomecomments.
28.Whatcanwelearnabout“primarynarcissism”?
A.Itleadstooursurvivalfear.B.Itisnormalandusuallytemporary.
C.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.D.ItlaysthefoundationforFreud'stheory.
29.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeanexampleof“I-It”relationships?
A.Comfortinganupsetfriend.B.Feelingsorryforyourmistakes
C.Tryinghardtobeindependent.D.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask.
30.Whatwouldbethebesttileforthispassage?
A.HowWeCanFormthe“I-Thou”Relationships
B.HowWeCanGetOutofthe“I-1t”Relationships
C.WhyWeTeatOthersasObjectsRatherThanIndividuals
D.WhatHelpsUsSurviveandThriveinEarlyStagesofLife
2021朝阳高三一模C
TheLandUndertheSea
Tenthousandyearsago,asthelasticeageended,sealevelsaroundtheworldwerefarlowerthantheyaretoday.MuchofthelandunderboththeNorthSeatotheeastofBritainandtheEnglishChannelwhichnowseparatesFranceandBritainwaspartofahugeregionofforestsandgrassyplains.Thentheclimategraduallybecamewarmerandthewatertrappedinlargemassesoficewasreleased.
Nowthedevelopmentofadvancedsonar(声纳)technology,knownasbathymetry,ismakingitpossibletostudythisfloodedlandscapeinextraordinarydetail.Aspecialecho(回声)sounderisfixedtothebottomofasurveyshipanditmakeswidesweepsacrosstheseabed.Whileprevioustechnologyhasonlybeenabletoproducetwo-dimensionalimages,bathymetrycannowusecomputers,satellite-positioningequipmentandspecialsoftwaretocreateaccurateandremarkablydetailedmaps.Forthefirsttime,anancientriverbedjumpsoutofthethree-dimensionalimage.Thesiteofpre-historicsettlementscannowbepinpointed.
AccordingtoexpertLindaAndrews,thistechnologicaldevelopmentisofhugesignificance.“Wenowhavetheabilitytomaptheseabedasaccuratelyaswecanmapdryland,”shesays.
Oncebathymetrictechniqueshaveidentifiedsiteswherepeoplemighthavebuilttheirhomesandvillages,diverscanbesentdowntoinvestigatefurther.Robotsubmarines(潜艇)canalsobeused,andresearchershopetheywillfindstonetoolsandwoodfromhousesasproofofhumanactivity.TheideasharedbymanypeopleinBritainoftheircountryasanaturalislandkingdomwillbechallengedbythefindings:
Britainhasbeeninhabitedforabout500,000yearsandmuchofthistimeithasbeenlinkedonandofftocontinentalEurope.Itremainstobeseenhowfarthisnewawarenessistakenonboard,however.
Infact,theuseofbathymetrywillnotbelimitedtothestudyoflostlandscapesandancientsettlements.Itwillalsobevitalinfindingshipsthathavebeendestroyedinaccidents.Inaddition,commercialapplicationsarearealpossibility.Aggregates(骨材)fortheconstructionindustryarebecomingincreasinglyexpensive,andbathymetrycanbeusedtoidentifysuitablesitesfordiggingforthismaterial.Mappingtheseabedwillalsoidentifyplaceswhererareplantsandshellfishareliving.Diggingatsuchsitesshouldbeprevented,eithertoworkforaprofitortomakedeeperwaterwaysformassivecontainerships.
27.Howdoesbathymetrywork?
A.Ithasanechosounderplacedontheseabed.B.Itmakesuseofanumberofdifferentdevices.
C.Itproducestwo-dimensionalimagesoftheseafloor.D.Itbasesitscalculationsonthelocationofconstructionsites.
28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pinpointed”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Occupied.B.Adjusted.C.Rebuilt.D.Discovered.
29.Theauthorbelievesabetterunderstandingofthesettlementsontheseabedmay______.
A.attractinvestmentintheresearchundertheseaB.inspirepeopletotakeaninterestinmoderntechnology
C.adapttheattitudesoftheBritishtotheircountry’shistory
D.receiveconfirmationofrebuildingancientman-madeobjects
30.Wecanlearnthattheuseofbathymetrywillhelpto______.
A.identifynewspeciesofplantsandanimalsB.providethepreciselocationofsunkenships
C.evaluatethecostofseekingcertainresourcesD.promotethedevelopmentofdeeperwaterways
2021丰台高三一模
C
JustbecauseascientistputsaGPStrackingcollaronawildpolarbeardoesnotmeantheanimalwillwillinglykeepiton.Theycanremoveit,ifonebecomesannoying.Butscientistshavenowfoundawayofusingsignalsfromthosedroppedcollarstotracktheiceitself.
Thescientistsidentified20collarsthattransmittedmovementdataconsistentwithicedrift(漂流)ratherthanpolarbearmotionbetween2005and2015.TheresultingrecordsofhowmeltingicedriftsinHudsonBayareunique;therearenoeasilyaccessibleon-the-groundsensors,andsatelliteobservationsoftencannotaccuratelycapturethemotionofsmallicesheets.
Theteamcomparedtheremovedcollars'movementstowidelyusedice-driftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter(NSIDC).CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay-aswellastheoverallextentofdrift.Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddiverge(偏离)fromanicesheet'slocationbyafewhundredkilometers,thescientistssay.
Thismeansthebearsmaybeworkingharder,whenmovingagainstthedirectionoftheice,thanscientistshadassumed,“Sincewe'reunderestimatingthespeedofdrift,werelikelyunderestimatingtheenergeticeffortofpolarbears,"saysRonTogunov,wholedthestudy.
Thestudyrevealstimelyinsightintohowhighlymobileicemoves.Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears,suchicewilllikelybecomemorecommonfarthernorth,inthecentralArctic,saysAndyMahoney,ageophysicistattheUniversityofAlaska,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.ScientistshadknownNSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds,Mahoneysays,but“anytimewecanfindadatagapandplugitisagoodthing.”
Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseaslitteredwithdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist.ThefindingsmayeveninfluencefutureNSIDCmodels,“It’sareallynicedataset,"Meiersays.“Andcertainlyonewe'lltakeunderconsideration.”
28.WhatcanaGPStrackingcollardo?
A.Measurethedepthoficesheet.B.Capturethemovementofice.
C.Describethemeltingspeedofice.D.Recordtheemotionalstateofbears.
29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecollardata?
A.Itshowstheicemovesmoreslowlyfromitsoriginallocation.
B.Itmayrevealpolarbearsarenotsoenergeticasbefore.
C.ItindicatestheiceismorelikelytomovesouthinthecentralArctic.
D.Itcanhelppredictthelocationofsomepollutantsinseas.
30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A.DataTellsaDifferentStoryB.WildPolarBears'Signaling
C.InsightsintoaPuzzlingAspectD.IceIsTakenunderConsideration
2021石景山一模
C
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