高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测句意理解题考查解读.docx
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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测句意理解题考查解读.docx
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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测句意理解题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读
【题型解读】
记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。
要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。
设问形式常有:
(1)Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirst/second/...paragraphmeans“”.
(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinthefirst/second/...paragraph?
解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意
例如:
【真题感悟】中第22题:
第一步:
速读文章,找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子
(1)Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱的).
(2)Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.
第二步:
对比信息句、画线句和选项,确定答案
画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”,接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善,隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。
【课堂练习】
A
6Companionplantingistheideathatwhensomecropsareplantedtogether,theyhelpeachothergrow.These1compatibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients,soiland2moisture.
Adviceforcompanionplantingissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.ButFabianFernandezattheUniversityofIllinoissaysthereisevidenceforsomecombinations.Thesecanleadtobettercrops,reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.Forexample,somekindsofsoilbacteriatakenitrogen(氮)fromtheairandmakeaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantskeepthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumes(豆类)areespeciallygoodatthis.Anycropssharingthesamespacecangetthenitrogenastherootsdecompose(腐烂).
Cropslikebeansandpotatoes,carrotsandcabbages,beansandricecanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdown,sotheydonotcompetewithshallowerplants.Butsomeplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother’sdevelopment.Forexample,tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes,asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.
Evenafterharvest,somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapart.Apples,forexample,releaseethylenegas,aplant3hormone.Itcancauseotherfoodstoripen(成熟)tooquickly.Marketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butsometimesyoumightwantthemtogether.Forexample,ifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana,thebananawillbereadytoeatsooner.
Nowwhataboutpeaches,plumsandnectarinesthataretoofirmtoeat?
GrowersinCaliforniaanswerthisquestionat.Theysayanapple,abananaorariperpieceoffruitisnotneeded.Thepeaches,plumsandnectarinesthemselvesreleaseenoughofthegastoripensuccessfully.
Here’stheiradvice:
placethefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagwiththetopfoldedover.Keepthefruitatroomtemperature.Whenthefruitissoftenoughtoyourliking,eitheruseitorplaceitinarefrigeratortostopfurtherripening.
语篇解读 本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。
兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时,它们互相帮助生长。
1.Whatarethebasicneedsforcompanionplanting?
A.Goodoldcompanions.
B.Somekindsofsoilbacteria.
C.Similarneedsfornutrients,soilandmoisture.
D.Helpfulinsects.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“Thesecompatibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients,soilandmoisture.”可知,兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients,soilandmoisture”有相似的需求。
故答案为C。
2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?
A.4Tosomeextent,companionplantingreliesmoreontraditionalexperience.
B.Inthefieldofcompanionplanting,proofalwaysspeakslouderthantradition.
C.Traditionalexperienceismuchlessreliablethanscientificexperiments.
D.Scientificresearcheshavethrownlightonthetheoryofcompanionplanting.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。
画线句子的意思是在某种程度上,兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。
故选A。
3.Accordingtothetext,whichgroupofplantsarenotsuitabletobeplantedtogether?
A.Beansandpotatoes.
B.Tomatoesandwatercress.
C.Carrotsandcabbages.
D.Beansandrice.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后两句“Forexample,tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes,asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.”可知,西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。
故答案为B。
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Weshouldchoosefruitfrommarketsasoftenaspossible.
B.Thepeaches,plumsandnectarinesshouldalwaysbeputtogethertogetriper.
C.Thefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagshouldbeeatenassoonaspossible.
D.Weshouldnotplaceanyripeningfruitoutindirectsunlight.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。
保持水果在室温下,当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候,要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。
由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。
故选D。
B
Afterfoursilentyears,the27-year-oldBritishsingerAdeleAdkinshasfinallyintroducedherselftotheworldagainwithHello,theopeningsongfromherthirdalbum25,whichwill8comeoutonNov.20.
AlthoughAdeleisaverysuccessfulsingernow,musicwasn’talwayswhatshesawherselfdoing.Atage10,whenshesawhergrandmother’spainoverthedeathofAdele’sgrandfather,she7picturedherselfasaheartsurgeon.
“Iwantedtofixpeople’shearts,”shetoldtheUKmusicwebsitei-D,rememberingthechildhoodinterestshe’dhadinbiologyclassesuntilshefoundoutthatherrealtalentwasforsinging.
Adeledidn’tgotomedicalschool,butmanywouldagreethatshestillhashealing(治愈)powers.“Hersongsfindthekindofmemoryeverylistenerholdssomewhereintheirheart.ThiskindoffeelingiswhatpeoplehavealwayslikedinAdele,”saidTheTelegraph.“Shewritesapopdiary,sharingthesimplesecretsofherheart.”
Mostsuccessfulpopstarsmakealbumsatafastpace,butnotAdele.Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear,shemadeitclearwithherlabelthatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”makinghernextalbum.ShetoldVoguemagazine,“Iwon’tcomeoutwithnewmusicuntilit’sbetterthan21.”
Insteadofseeking5fame,Adeleremainedsilentandmovedtothecountryside.Inherfreetime,shelovedtowatchTVseriesTeenMom,AmericanHorrorStory,andTheWalkingDead.
Livinglifeasnormallyaspossibleisimportanttothesinger’sart.“Nobodywantstolistentoarecordfromsomeonewho’snotlivingintherealworld,”Adeletoldi-D.“SoIlivealow-keylifeformyfans.”
5.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?
A.ThepopularityofAdele’salbum25.
B.ThehealingpowersofAdele’smusic.
C.ThesecretsofAdele’ssuccessinmusic.
D.ThereasonforAdele’sbecomingasinger.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。
通读全文,尤其是最后三段可推知,本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。
故选C。
6.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2probablymean?
A.Adelewasn’tinterestedinmusic.
B.Adelewasn’tgoodatmusicatfirst.
C.Musicwasn’tveryimportantinAdele’slife.
D.Musicwasn’tallAdelewantedtobedevotedto.
答案 D
解析 句意理解题。
根据第二段末句可知,10岁时,当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时,她想成为一名外科医生,减轻别人的痛苦。
由此可推知,音乐并不是阿黛尔想要的全部。
故选D。
7.Whydoesn’tAdelewanttomakealbumsatafastpace?
A.Tolivealow-keylife.
B.TowintheGrammyAward.
C.Toguaranteethequalityofhermusic.
D.Tosharethesecretsofherheartasamusician.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第五段中的“ShetoldVoguemagazine,‘Iwon’tcomeoutwithnewmusicuntilit’sbetterthan21.’”并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知,阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐。
故选C。
8.WhatcanweknowaboutAdele?
A.HeralbumHellowillcomeoutonNov.20.
B.Shehaskeptadiarysincechildhood.
C.Shemovedtothecountrysidebefore2012.
D.Herworksarebasedonreallife.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后两句“‘Nobodywantstolistentoarecordfromsomeonewho’snotlivingintherealworld,’Adeletoldi-D.‘SoIlivealow-keylifeformyfans.’”可知,阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。
故选D。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.Todaytherearelotsofsmartphoneappstochoose.Butthey’realldifferentandnotcompatiblewithothersmartphoneoperatingsystems.兼容的
2.Theyrequirelittlewater,perhapsbecausetheyobtainmuchoftheirmoisturefromtheirfood.
水分
3.Ahormoneisachemical,usuallyoccurringnaturallyinyourbody,thatmakesanorganofyourbodydosomething.荷尔蒙;激素
4.Doyouthinkyourhappinessistied,atleasttosomeextent,toyourfinancialsituation?
在某种程度上
5.Shewasoneofthemostpopularstarsofourtimeandshecouldsitbackandenjoyherfameandfortune.名声;名望
(二)同义词语替换
6.Althoughshefinishedhervoyagewithoutacompanion,shedidnotstartitalone.fellow/friend
7.Wefoundithardtopicturehimasthefatherofayounggirl.imagine
(三)一词多义
8.comeout出来,出现;开花,发芽;出版,发表
(1)We’regoingtocomeoutwithanewdictionarynextmonth.出版,发表
(2)Ihavelotsofideas,buttheyneverseemtocomeoutofmymouth.出来
(3)Someflowershavebeguntocomeout.开花
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1.Marketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.
[句式分析] 本句话是一个复合句,句子的主干部分由短语separate...from...构成,those指代前面的foods;thataresensitivetothegas是定语从句。
[精美译文] 市场把乙烯含量高的食品与那些对乙烯气体敏感的食物分开。
2.Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear,shemadeitclearwithherlabelthatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”makinghernextalbum.
[句式分析] 本句话是一个复合句,主干部分是主谓宾宾补结构,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是thatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”makinghernextalbum;Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear是时间状语。
[精美译文] 在她的第二张专辑《21》获得了2012年年度格莱美奖后,她明确表示要花四、五年的时间出下一张专辑。
强化练习
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I’llneverforgetthat“veryimportantmeeting”withaguidancecounselor(咨询顾问)duringmysenioryearofhighschool.Igladlyanddutifullysharedmydreams,andwaslookingforwardtohearinghislife-changingadviceonhowbesttoachievemyacademicandprofessionalgoalsforthefuture.HetoldmethatIwasnotcollegematerialandthat“possiblyanicesecretarialschool”wouldbemoremyleague.Hisadvicedidchangemylife,thoughnotinthewayheexpected—becauseIdidn’tfollowit.Ididn’tevenconsiderit.Bytryingtoputlimitationonmyfuture,hemademeevenmoredeterminedtopursue(追求)acollegedegreeandacareerofmychoice.
Atthatmomentinmyeighteenthyear,Itookchargeofmylife.IdecidedwhatkindofcollegeIwantedtoattend—onethatwassmall,personalandwouldfostermyenthusiasmandinterests
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