英语动词名词形容词变化规律.docx
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英语动词名词形容词变化规律.docx
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英语动词名词形容词变化规律
动词后+-ed的变化规则
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go–wentmake–madeget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:
d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/id/音,want→wanted(要)need→needed(需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/t/音。
help→helped(帮助)laugh→laughed(笑)look→looked(看)
kiss→kissed(吻)wash→washed(洗)watch→watched(注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/d/音。
call→called(叫)stay→stayed(停留)cry→cried(哭)动词过去式变化规则
一、规则变化
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
work—workedplay—playedwant—wantedask—asked
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live—livedmove—movedtaste—tasted
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i,加—ed,如:
study—studiestry—triedcopy—copiedcarry—carried
4、重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed,如:
stop—stopped
二、不规则变化
isam—wasare—weredo—didhavehas—hadgo—wentmeet—metcome—cametake—tooksteal—stoleeat—atefly—fliewrun—ransee—sawsay—saidmake—madefind—foundstand—stood
sit—satsing—sangdrink—drankgive—gavering—rangswim—swam
write—wroteride—rodedrive—drove
draw—drewgrow—grewknow—knew
get—gotforget—forgot
sweep—sweptkeep—keptsleep—slept
speak—spokebreak—broke
tell—toldsell—sold
buy—boughtthink—thoughtcatch—caughtteach—taughtbuild—built
can—couldshall—shouldwill—would
过去式与动词原形一样:
let—letmust—mustput—putread—read
三、动词过去式构成读音
1、清辅音后读清辅音[t](清读清)如:
jumplike
2、浊辅音后读浊辅音[d](浊读浊)如:
listenpull
3、元音后面读浊辅音[d](元音后面读浊音)如:
waterplay
4、[t][d]后面读[id]wantneed
动词后加-ing的变化规则
1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:
cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting
2.以-e结尾的动词
(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:
die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:
see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:
sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:
glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—blueing或bluing,
true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing
3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):
tax—taxing,relax—relaxing
(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:
kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing
(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:
worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:
pay—paying,throw—throwing,follow—following,draw—drawing,employ—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking
这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。
若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:
动词第三人称单数形式构成规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”
在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。
如:
①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s]
②read-reads[z];play-plays[z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz]
如:
fly-flies[z];carry-carries[z]
study-studies[z];worry-worries
3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:
teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:
go-goes[z]do-does[z
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
如:
1、do[du:
]-does[dz]
2、say[sei]-says[sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。
如:
close-closes[iz]
名词单复数变化规则
一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
A:
规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况加s:
book--booksmouth---mouthshouse---housesgirl---girls
2.以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es:
class---classesbox----boxesmatch----matches
3.辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es:
city---citiescountry----countriesparty----partiesfactory----factories
4.以o结尾的词+es的只有以下词:
heroesNegroestomatoespotatoeszeroes/zeros
以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s
radios,zoos,bamboos,(pianos,kilosphotos
5.以f,fe结尾的变f或fe为v+es:
thiefwifelifeknifewolfhalfleafshelf
Thethief’swifekilledthreewolveswithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.
名词词尾的读音规则:
A.在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后读[s]cups,hats,cakes,roofs
B.在[s][z][∫][t∫]等音后读[iz]glasses,faces,roses.
C.在其他情况下读作[z]bedsdayscitiesknives.
D.以th结尾的词原来读[ϑ]加词尾后多数读[]
如:
mouth—mouthspath—paths;
但是也有不变化的,如:
month—months,ninth—ninths,youth—youths.
1.man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geesechild—children,mouse—mice,
2.单复数相同:
sheep,deer,Chinese,JapaneseSwiss.
3.以man,woman修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
manservant—menservants.(boy/girlstudents)
womandoctor—womendoctors.
形容词比较级和最高级变化规则
①一般情况:
+er(比较级)+est(最高级)
eg:
quiet--quieter--thequietest
bright--brighter---thebrightest明亮/聪明的
dear--dearest--thedearest
clever--cleverer--thecleverest
②词末为--e(不发音)+r--+st
eg:
fine--finer--thefinest
nice--nicer--thenicest
cute--cuter--thecutest
close--closer--theclosest
white--whiter--thewhitest
large--larger--thelargest
free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的:
双写辅音字母+er--双写辅音字母+est
eg:
hot--hotter--thehottest
big--bigger--thebiggest
red--redder--thereddest
wet--wetter--thewettest
sad--sadder--thesaddest
fat--fatter--thefattest
thin--thinner--thethinnest
fit--fitter--fittest
④少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,再加er和est,以e结尾的词仍只加r和st)
angry–angrier-angriest
clever–cleverer–cleverest
narrow–narrower–narrowest
noble–nobler–noblest
⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most
different–moredifferent–mostdifferent
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