职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案.docx
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职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案.docx
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职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案
2003年职称英语等级考试试题-综合A
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted
2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
AheavyBstrongCkindDwild
3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.
AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting
4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing
AwasteBbuyCuseDsell
5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume
6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely
7Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness
AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected
8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.
AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief
9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.
AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed
10Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock
AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed
11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.
AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget
12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.
AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry
13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.
AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset
14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.
AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate
15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.
AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑
PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasion
Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.
Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.
Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服从)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.
16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
KeepingCutFlowers
1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.
2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.
3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination(授粉).Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide(二氧化碳),calledrespiration(呼吸),generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?
Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?
Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.
5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白剂)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.
AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowers
CRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCare
ENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespiration
23Paragraph2__________________
24Paragraph3__________________
25Paragraph4__________________
26Paragraph5__________________
27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________
28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________
29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________
30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________
Abykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolour
Binthelifeofthecutflower
Ctoproducecarbondioxide
Dforaslongaspossible
Ebycontrollingtemperature
Ftoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项。
请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.
TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.
Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.
Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.
Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.
Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants‘growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.
Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.
31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?
ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.
BTheyarericebreeders.
CTheyarehusbandandwife.
DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.
32Flo
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