英语过渡词应用于分析.docx
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英语过渡词应用于分析.docx
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英语过渡词应用于分析
一、关于过渡词
对于大多部分考生来说,在写作当中发现的一个非常大的难点就是不会用过渡词。
就像一串项链,没有了绳子。
珍珠玛瑙撒了一地。
所以说在写作中,除了要优美的句子之外,各种连接词也是非常重要的。
一、根据意思和作用的不同,
过渡词可以分为以下十五类:
(1)表并列关系的过渡词:
and,also,aswell,aswellas,or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor
(2)表递进关系的过渡词:
besides,inaddition(加之,除……之外),moreover(此外,而且),what’smore,what’sworse
(3)表转折对比的过渡词:
but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,here…there,yearsago…today,this…that,theformer…thelatter,then…now,thefirst…whereasthesecond,once…now,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others
(4)表原因的过渡词:
because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto(由于)
(5)表结果的过渡词:
so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,thereby,hence,so…that,such…that
(6)表条件的过渡词:
if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas
(7)表时间的过渡词:
when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,fromnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment
(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:
first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterward(s)(后来),meanwhile(几乎同时),thereafter(在那以后),last,finally,eventually(终于)
(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:
inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway
(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:
forinstance,forexample,like,suchas
(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:
infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth
(12)表强调的过渡词:
certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously
(13)表比较的过渡词:
like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,similarto
(14)表目的的过渡词:
forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto
(15)表总结的过渡词:
inaword(总之,简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary
二、文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。
“启”就是开头,“承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结。
(1)用于“启”的过渡词语用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头:
first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,
Itisoftensaidthat…,
Astheproverbsays…,
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,
Itisclear/obviousthat…,
Manypeopleoftenask…
(2)用于“承”的过渡词语表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中:
second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt
Itistruethat…,
Everybodyknowsthat…,
Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…,
Noonecandenythat…
Thereasonwhy…isthat…,
Thereisnodoubtthat…,
Totake…foranexample(instance)…,
Weknowthat…,
Whatismoreseriousisthat…
(3)用于“转”的过渡词语用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中:
but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate(无论如何),nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,
Idonotbelievethat…,
Perhapsyou’llaskwhy…
Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…,
Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith…,yetdifferenceswillbefound,
That’swhyIfeelthat…
(4)用于“合”的过渡词语用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中:
inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus,afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum(总之),onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumup
Fromthispointofview…
Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat…
Theresultisdependenton…
Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust…
最后,还是请考生注意一点,以上所给出的总结,首先是可以扩展的。
以上只是一个思路。
在运用的时候,一定要注意把握选择适合自己语言水平的。
不要选择超出自己语言水平的思路。
例如,我们冲泡一杯咖啡,如果用水去冲,那么就是一杯浓香的咖啡。
但是如果用油去冲,那么,就成了咖啡粉和油的分层混合物了。
我们选择适合我们自己语言水平的“模版”,就像当于我们用水去冲咖啡。
咖啡粉就是模版,而我们的水就是实际的英语水平。
二、常见的连接词
连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类:
a.表示开场tobeginwith,inthefirstplace,ingeneral,generallyspeaking
b.表示总结tosummarize,tosumup,toconclude,inconclusion,finally
c.表示举例acaseinpoint,agoodillustration/exampleof…is…,
d.表示原因because,since,for,thecauseof,thereasonfor,nowthat
e.表示结果asaresult,asaconsequence,consequently
f.表示比较both,like,likewise,similarly,incommon,inthesameway
g.表示对照onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,however
h.表示列举first,firstly,inthefirstplace,firstofall,tobeginwith
i.表示强调especially,particularly,certainly,surely,chiefly,actually
j.表示让步eventhough,although,inspiteof,however,but,yet
三、有关选择题练习
1.HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese.
A.butB.alsoC.soD.and
2.Physicsisnotsoeasy,_______Ilikeitverymuch.
A.butB.orC.sinceD.because
3.WillTomwaitforherathome______atthelibrary?
A.orB.asC.sothatD.both
4.Shehasason_______adaughter.
A.butB.andC.soD.or
5.I''llgiveherthegift______shearrives.
A.soB.beforeC.assoonasD.since
6.Tomwas____illthatwehadtosendforadoctor.
A.soB.veryC.andD.too
7.Thewomanwas____angry_____shecouldn''tspeakanything.
A.neither…norB.either…orC.both…andD.so…that
8.______wegothomeitwasverylate.
A.WhenB.WhileC.BecauseD.As
9.Weheardclearly_____shesaid.
A.whatB.whichC.beforeD.because
10.Ican''tsleepwellatnight,______Ioftenfeelverytiredintheday.
A.soB.becauseC.andD.or
11.Whenyou''relearningaforeignlanguage,useit,______youwillloseit.
A.butB.orC.thenD.and
12.---Canyouplayfootball?
---Yes,Ican,______Ican''tplayitverywell.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
13.Studyhard,______youwillfallbehind.
A.andB.butC.soD.or
14.Myfavoriteisactionmovie______Ithinkit''sexciting.
A.andB.becauseC.butD.so
15.Theboyisverysmart,______manyofhisclassmateslikehim.
A.butB.soC.orD.for
16.Hehasneverheard______seensuchathingbefore.
A.norB.andC.orD.since
17._________John_______Iarepolicemen.
A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Notonly...butalso
18.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.
A.very...thatB.quite...butC.so...asD.so...that
19.Hedidn''tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.
A.tillB.beforeC.afterD.until
20.Ididn''tbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.
A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.before
21.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.
A.orB.andC.butD.down
22.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.
A.untilB.andC.soD.or
23.I''llreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.
A.asB.soC.justD.but
24.Goalongtheroad,_______you''llfindthemarketattheendofit.
A.whenB.andC.orD.though
25.You''llbelate______youdon''tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.
A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until
26.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.
A.orB.andC.soD.but
KEY:
1-5DAABC 6-10ADAAA 11—15BCDBB
16-20CADDB 21-26CAABAB
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