大学英语四级仔细阅读专项练习20篇附答案.docx

大学英语四级仔细阅读专项练习20篇附答案.docx

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大学英语四级仔细阅读专项练习20篇附答案

大学英语四级仔细阅读专项练习20篇（附答案）

练习一（2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题）

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.

HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee'sisoneofthem.

Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical（制药的）companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.

Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（转换）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.”

57.By“aone-waystreet”（Line1,Para.1）,theauthormeans________.

[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld

[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia

[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity

[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch

58.Theword“deterrent”（Line2,Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________.

[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attractspeople'sattention

[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeoneafinancialburden

59.WhatwasHelenLee'smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?

[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.

[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.

60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________.

[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork

[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld

[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch

[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities

61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?

[A]Increaseitsgraduates'competitivenessinthejobmarket.

[B]Developitsstudents'potentialinresearch.

[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.

[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity（长寿）boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers（鳏夫）wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoawoman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.

Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.

Sohowdoesitwork?

Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological（生理的）mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.

Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:

“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”

62.WilliamFarr'sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.

[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness

[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone'squalityoflife

[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage

[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity

63.LindaWaite'sstudiessupporttheideathat_________.

[A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy

[B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth

[C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried

[D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”（Line4,Para.2）refersto_________.

[A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried

[B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage

[C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamily

[D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage

65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?

[A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.

[B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.

[C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.

[D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife'sburdens.

66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]It'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.

[B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.

[C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.

[D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.

练习二（2010年6月英语四级考试真题）

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaOcean,June30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine（潜水艇）detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells（起落架舱）.Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:

avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated（隔绝的）caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A）Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B）Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C）Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.

D）Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

A）Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B）Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C）Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D）Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

59.Whywas