UPY彭宇雅思写作权威整理.docx
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UPY彭宇雅思写作权威整理.docx
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UPY彭宇雅思写作权威整理
TheBibletoIELTSWriting[雅思写作策略总则]
•知己知彼,百战不殆---明确英汉思维模式差异
•重拾自信---任何题目都是我们熟知的,不要怕
•写作基于表达---用最好的框架及内容,语言应对规定式作文
•笔记为王---自己的笔记才是最好的资料
•动动手---写和不写,差距不是一点点
一、图表作文:
(150words,20minutes)
1.考察类型
A.柱形图(BarChart)
B.饼图(PieChart)
C.线形图(CurveChart)
D.流程图(FlowChart)
E.表格(Table)
2.写作总体框架
Para1,Thisisa_____chartabove,whichdemonstratesthenumberof_____from 1999to2014.
如果两个图,则:
Therearetwochartsabove,the_____ofwhichdescribesthenumberof_____,andthe_____illustratesthefigureof____.
Para2,From the____chartwecanseethatthenumberof______variesconstantlyin2000.Moreover,aswecanseefrom thesecondchart,thereisadramaticdecreaseofthefigureof______duringtheperiodof1999to2014.
…….
…….
3.常用的词汇概述
上升:
increase,rise,ascend,soar,goup,climb
下降:
decrease,fall,drop,descend,decline,reduce,lessen,godown
平稳:
stable,steady,remain/maintain,keep/bethesameas/similarto/leveloff
波动:
fluctuate/fluctuation,upanddown
占:
occupy,,accountfor, makeup,besharedby
相比:
bycontrast,onthecontrary,comparedwith/comparingwith
最高点:
thehighest,thetop,thesummit,thepeak
达到顶峰:
cometothehighest/mountto/peak
最低点:
bottom/rockbottom
反弹:
recover
平均:
average
趋势:
tendency,trend,inclination
预见:
prediction
而:
while,however,whereas,meanwhile,ontheotherhand,actually/infact
4.图表分类强化
第一篇饼状图
写作要点:
1.介绍各扇面及总体的关系
2.各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较
3.重点突出特色最明显的扇面:
最大的,最小的,互相成倍的
描写句式:
1.Itisclearthatthemost+adj.+主题词isA,whichaccountsfor___%ofall主题词.
2.Bisthenextlargest+主题词,___%lowerthanAofall主题词andfollowedcloselybyC.
3.Theabovethreeitemsof主题词altogethertakeabout___%.
4.Bycontrast,D,EandFmakethesmallestpercentageoftotal主题词,whichare___%,___%and___%respectively.
常用表达:
倍数和比例的表达:
aquarterof……;halfof……;amajorityof……
double;triple;quadruple(这三个词都可以做名词,动词和形容词)
…betwiceasadj.as……
例句:
Thedining-roomistwiceasbigasthekitchen.
…morethan___timesasadj.as……
例句:
TherearemorethantwiceasmanykangaroosaspeopleinAustralia.
HeismorethanthreetimesasrichasI.
In1950,theurbanpopulationrepresentedlessthan13%ofthetotal.Itisnowabout40%andisexpectedtoreach60%by2030.(摘自BBC)
相似和不同的表达:
AhassomethingincommonwithB
AsharessomesimilaritywithB
ThedifferencebetweenAandBliesin……
参看考官范文,研习遣词造句
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Inthisanalysiswewillexaminethreepiecharts.Thefirstoneisheaded‘WorldSpending.’Thesecondis‘WorldPopulation’andthethirdis‘ConsumptionofResources.’
Inthefirstchartwecanseethatpeoplespendmostoftheirincome(24%)onfood.Insomecountriesthispercentagewouldobviouslybemuchhigher.Transportandthenhousingarethenextmajorexpensesat18%and12%respectively.Only6%ofincomeisspentonclothing.
Inthesecondchartentitled‘WorldPopulation’,itisnotsurprisingtofindthat57%ofpeopleliveinAsia.InfactChinaandIndiaaretwoofthemostpopulatedcountriesintheworldandtheyarebothsituatedonthiscontinent.EuropeandtheAmericansaccountfornearly30%ofthetotal,whilst10%ofpeopleliveinAfrica.
Finally,thethirdchartrevealsthattheUSAandEuropeconsumeahuge60%oftheworld’sresource.
Tosumup,themajorexpenditureisonfood,thepopulationfiguresarethehighestforAsiaandthemajorconsumersaretheUSAandEurope.(182words)
参看考官范文,研习遣词造句
ThetwographsshowthatoilwasthemajorenergysourceintheUSAinboth1980and1990andthatcoal,naturalgasandhydroelectricpowerremainedinmuchthesameproportions.Ontheotherhand,therewasadramaticriseinnuclearpower,whichdoubleditspercentageoverthetenyears.
Oilsuppliedthelargestpercentageofenergy,althoughthepercentagedecreasedfrom42%in1980to33%in1990.Coalin1990wasthesecondlargestsourceofenergy,increasingitsproportionto27%from22%inthepreviousdecade.Naturalgas,thesecondlargestsourcein1980at26%,decreaseditsshareveryslightlytoprovide25%ofAmerica’senergytenyearslater.Therewasnochangeinthepercentagesuppliedbyhydroelectricpowerwhichremainedat5%ofthetotalenergyused.Nuclearpowerthegreatestchange:
in1990itwas10%,twicethatofthe1980s.(152words)
第二篇曲线图[柱状图]
写作要点:
1.曲线图和柱状图都是动态图,解题的切入点在于描述趋势。
2.在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰,同时也方便考官阅卷。
接下来再分类描述每个阶段的specifictrend,同时导入数据作为分类的依据。
3.趋势说明。
即,对曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升、下降、波动、持平。
以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”:
上升、下降、或是波动。
题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较,如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较。
4.极点说明。
即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。
不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述。
5.交点说明。
即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。
6.不要不做任何说明就机械地导入数据,这不符合雅思的考试目的。
动词—九大运动趋势
1.表示向上:
increase,rise,improve,grow,ascend,mount,aggrandize,goup,climb,takeoff,jump,shootup暴涨,soar,skyrocket
2.表示上升后保持平稳:
flattenout(下降或升高后变平),leveloff
举例:
人口上升后保持平稳:
thenumberofpopulationmountedandleveledoff.
3.表示复苏(下降后再上升):
recover,bounceback
举例:
人口下降后复苏:
thenumberofpopulationdecreasedandrecovered.
4.表示下降:
decrease,decline,descend,drop,fall,godown,comedown,collapse,crash,falloff,slump,plummet,plunge,slide,shrink,dwindle,diminish
5.表示下降后保持平稳:
bottomout,flattenout(下降或升高后变平)
举例:
人口下降后保持平稳:
thenumberofpopulationdecreasedandbottomedout.
6.表示稳定或水平:
remainsteady/constant,staystable,stabilize,flattenout(下降或升高后变平),leveloff,stayatthesamelevel,besimilarto,thereislittle/hardlyany/nochange
举例:
thenumberofpopulationstayedstable./thenumberofpopulationremainedsteady.
7.表示波动:
fluctuate
8.表示在底部:
reachalowpoint,bottomout,reachthebottom,reachtherock,hitatrough
9.表示在顶部:
reachapeak,peak,topout,reachthehighestpoint/thetop/thesummit/themost,peakin/at,reachthezenith
举例:
人口到达了顶峰:
thenumberofpopulationpeaked/reacheditssummit/reacheditszenith.
10.经典例句:
remainsteady/staystable/leveloff/bottomout/peak/reachitspeak/reachitszenith后面需要使用的是at.
1.人口在500万上保持平稳:
Thenumberofpopulationremainedsteadyat5million.
2.人口在800万时到达了顶峰:
Thenumberofpopulationpeakedat8million.
3.下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:
Afterdecreasing,thenumberofpopulationbottomedoutat4million.
4.上升后,人口在700万保持平稳:
Aftermounting,thenumberofpopulationleveledoffat7million.
上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)
1.人口下降到200万:
numberofpopulationdecreasedto2million.
2.人口下降了200万:
numberofpopulationdecreasedby2million.
3.人口上升到1000万:
numberofpopulationincreasedto10million.
4.人口上升了500万:
numberofpopulationincreasedby5million.
recover的后面大家需要使用的是from
人口在200万时开始复苏:
Thenumberofpopulationrecoveredfrom2million.
fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between…and…
人口在20和100亿之间波动:
Thenumberofpopulationfluctuatedbetween2and10billion.
形容词和副词—变化程度
abrupt(ly)(突然),sudden(ly)(突然),dramatic(ally)(急剧),drastic(ally)(急剧),sharp(ly)(急剧),quick(ly)(迅速),rapid(ly)(迅速),marked(ly)(显著),significant(ly)(显著),considerable(considerably)(相当),substantial(ly)(相当)moderate(ly)(适当),gradual(ly)(逐渐),slight(ly)(轻微),slow(ly)(缓慢),steady(steadily)(平缓)
名词
linechart线图,curvediagram曲线图,horizontalaxis横轴,verticalaxis纵轴,plateau(上升下降后的稳定期),recordhigh历史高度,recordlow历史低点,trough(曲线上的)最小值,zenith(最高值),generaltrend,upward/downwardtend
增加:
anincrease,arise,agrowth,animprovement,anupturn,asurge,anupsurge,anupwardtrend
下降:
afall,adecrease,adecline,adrop,adownturn,adownturntrend,lowpoint,reduction
波动:
fluctuation,fluctuate
曲线图常用表达
开头概述常用表达
1)Thelinechartdepictsthechangesinthenumberof_____overtheperiodfrom2000to2004.该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____数量的变化。
2)Thechartprovidessomedataregardingthefluctuationsof_____from2000to2004.该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____的变动。
3)Thegraph,presentedinthecurvediagram,showsthegeneraltrendin_____.该图以曲线图的形式描述了_____总的趋势。
4)Thisisalinechartshowing_____.这是一个曲线图,描述了_____。
5)Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationsof_____.如图所示,两条曲线描述了_____波动的情况。
参看考官范文,研习遣词造句
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
Thegraphandtablebelowgiveinformationaboutwateruseworldwideandwaterconsumptionintwodifferentcountries.
Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words
Thegraphshowshowtheamountofwaterusedworldwidechangedbetween1900and2000.
Throughoutthecentury,thelargestquantityofwaterwasusedforagriculturalPurposes,andthisincreaseddramaticallyfromabout500km³toaround3,000km³intheyear2000.Waterusedintheindustrialanddomesticsectorsalsoincreased,butconsumptionwasminimaluntilmid-century.From1950onwards,industrialusegrewsteadilytojustover1,000km³,whiledomesticuserosemoreslowlytoonly300km³,bothfarbelowthelevelsofconsumptionbyagriculture.
ThetableillustratesthedifferencesinagricultureconsumptioninsomeareasoftheworldbycontrastingtheamountofirrigatedlandinBrazil(26,500km³)withthatintheD.R.C.(100km²).ThismeansthatahugeamountofwaterisusedinagricultureinBrazil,andthisisreflectedinthefiguresforwaterconsumptionperperson:
359m³comparedwithonly8m³intheCongo.Withapopulationof176million,thefiguresforBrazilindicatehowhighagriculturewaterconsumptioncanbeinsomecountries.(180words)
参看考官范文,研习遣词造句
Thethreegraphsofwheatexportseachshowaquitedifferentpatternbetween1985and1990.ExportsfromAustraliadeclinedoverthefive-yearperiod,whiletheCanadianmarketfluctuatedconsiderably,andtheEuropeanCommunityshowedanincrease.
In1985,Australiaexportedabout15millionsoftonnesofwheatandthefollowingyearthe
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