全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
SectionIListeningComprehension
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
(二)
SectionIIUseofEnglish
Directions:
(10points)
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened大21家.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot大22家the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic大23家,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe大24家oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution大25家up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading大26家throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures大27家the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin大28家.Itisimportanttodoso.
Itisgenerallyrecognized,大29家,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,大30家bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,大31家itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately大32家.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,asw大13a家,withdisplaybecoming
sharperandstorage大34家increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,大35家generations,withthedistaneebetweengenerationsmuch大36家.
Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe大37家withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas大38家bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen大39家viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.Benefits”havebeenweighed大40家harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later
22.
[A]after
[B]by
[C]during
[D]until
23.
[A]means
[B]method
[C]medium
[D]measure
24.
[A]process
[B]company
[C]light
[D]form
25.
[A]gathered
[B]speeded
[C]worked
[D]picked
26.
[A]on
[B]out
[C]over
[D]off
27.
[A]of
[B]for
[C]beyond
[D]into
28.
[A]concept
[B]dimension
[C]effect
[D]perspective
29.
[A]indeed
[B]hence
[C]however
[D]therefore
30.
[A]brought
[B]followed
[C]stimulated
[D]characterized
31.
[A]unless
[B]since
[C]lest
[D]although
32.
[A]apparent
[B]desirable
[C]negative
[D]plausible
33.
[A]institutional
[B]universal
[C]fundamental
[D]instrumental
34.
[A]ability
[B]capability
[C]capacity
[D]faculty
35.
[A]bymeansof
[B]intermsof
[C]withregardto[D]inlinewith
36.
[A]deeper
[B]fewer
[C]nearer
[D]smaller
37.
[A]context
[B]range
[C]scope
[D]territory
38.
[A]regarded
[B]impressed
[C]influeneed
[D]effected
39.
[A]competitive
[B]controversial[C]distracting
[D]irrational
40.
[A]above
[B]upon
[C]against
[D]with
SectionHIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
[D].
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudieneeandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhicbewousethe
audieneeallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.Whoisthat?
”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.Oh,that'sGod,”camethereply,butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor”
Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'bleappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Wi
audiencesyoumustn'attempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudieneetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifa
don'tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.SearchforexaggerationandunderstatemenLookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.
41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.
[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudienee
[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople
[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole
[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.
[A]havebenefitedmanypeople
[B]arethefocusofpublicattention
[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor
[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered
[A]inwell-wordedIanguage
[B]asawkwardlyaspossible
[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible
45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
[A]UseHumorEffectively
[B]VariousKindsofHumor
[C]AddHumortoSpeech
[D]DifferentHumorStrategies
Text2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowellarobottohandleaspecificerror:
saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,wecan'yetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”
Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'roughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented--andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvaneedcomputersystemsonEarthcantapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'knowquitehowwedoit.
46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.
[A]theuseofmachinestoproducescieneefiction
[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry
[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
[D]theelite'cunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
47.Theword“gizmosL”e(1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.
[A]programs
[B]experts
[C]devices
[D]creatures
48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondmansabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.
[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurger
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