广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一广州一模英语试题及答案解析.docx
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广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一广州一模英语试题及答案解析.docx
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广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一广州一模英语试题及答案解析
秘密★启用前试卷类型:
A
2021年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试
(一)
英语
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Exercisingregularlynotonlyhelpsyoukeepslim,butalsoimprovesyouroverallhealthandwellbeing.Differentexercisesproducedifferentresults,astheyfocusonalternatepartsofthebody.Therearefourbroadexercisecategories:
endurance,strength,flexibility,andbalance.Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype,butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.
Endurance
Enduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.Bydoingenduranceexercises,youareworkingtokeepyourheart,lungs,andblood-flowsystemhealthywhileimprovingyourtotalfitness.Overtimetheseactivitieswillmakeeverydayactivitiesseemeasier.
Strength
Ifyouwanttobuildupyourmuscles,thenstrengthexercises,whicharealsoknownas"resistancetraining'',arcrightforyou.Eventheslightestincreaseinstrengthcanmakeahugedifferenceinyourabilitytocarryoutdailytasks.Developingstrongmusclesalsoreducesyourriskofweakbones.
Flexibility
Flexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'smuscles.Thisallowslormorefreedomofmovementtorotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.Also,itreducesthemuscletensioncausedbystress.
Balance
Balanceexerciseshelppreventfallsandareespeciallyimportanttoolderadults,helpingthemslayindependent.Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeelontheground.Heel—to—toewalkingandstandingononelootarcsimplewaystoimprovebalance.
21.Howcanapersonbenefitmostfromtheirexerciseroutine?
A.Bycombiningdifferentexercisetypestogether.
B.Byhavingsufficientrestbetweentheirworkouts.
C.Byconcentratingononetrainingaspectatatime.
D.Byincreasingthefrequencyoftheirtraininggradually.
22.Whichexercisetypesarcmostusefultoimproveaperson'sbreathingfunction?
A.StrengthandBalance.B.FlexibilityandBalance.
C.EnduranceandStrength.D.EnduranceandFlexibility.
23.Whichpartofthebodyplaysthemostimportantroleinbalance-relatedexercises?
A.Arms.B.Legs.C.Waist.D.Neck.
B
ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinymistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.
Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelitecycleofinsects.
Nearlytwohundredyearslater.Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"theoryofdisease".Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstotightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.
Ina1716letter.hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:
"Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesirelorknowledge,which1noticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable.Iha\ethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof''
24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?
A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.
B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.
C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.
D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.
25.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy''inparagraph3refersto.
A.thediscoveryofmicrobes
B.Pasteur'stheoryofdisease
C.Leeuwenhoek'scontribution
D.theoriginofthetinyorganisms
26.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?
A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.
B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.
C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.
D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.
27.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?
a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.
b.The“theoryofdisease''wasputforward.
c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.
d.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.
e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.
A.a-d-c-c-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-d-b-eD.d-a-e-b-c
C
Around200B.C.,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Today,inmanylanguagesincludingEnglishthereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.However.somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage,sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuation(标点)symbolsbecausetheyteeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?
Yes—punctuationisimportant
Punctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedsay."It'stimetoeatchildren,”thisisdifferentfrom."It'stimetoeatchildren''.1hesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenu.TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence.“Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,”Pierceclaims.“Otherwise.thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact."Besides.learningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfun.Itcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearer.
No——wedon'tneedit
Punctuation.Even.sentenceisbadlypunctuated.likethisone:
Itcanstillbe,understoodThisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,"Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.''Also,punctuationcanbeconfusingtherearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserve,andifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenone.Punctuationsimplyisn'tneeded.
28.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
A.Todiscussalternativeviewpoints.
B.Tosupportoneargumentoveranother.
C.Toevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideas.
D.Tooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage.
29.Whobelievespunctuationisnecessary?
A.RobertFrostandKellyJones.
B.AristophanesandRobertFrost.
C.JonathanPierceandKellyJones.
D.AristophanesandJonathanPierce.
30.Inparagraph3,theunderlinedpartisusedas.
A.adefinitionB.afactC.anexampleD.anerror
31.WhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJones'sopinion?
A.Punctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguage.
B.Withoutpunctuation,peoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeaking.
C.Pausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuation.
D.Thechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyeyingmeaning.
D
Tomanypeople,honeybeessymbolizewealth,sustainabilityandenvironmentalism.Butasahoneybeeresearcher.Ihavetotellyouthatonlythefirstitemonthatlistisdefensible.Althoughtheyareimportantforagriculture,honeybees,whichareusuallyimportedfromoutsidethelocalarea,alsodisturbnaturalecosystemsbycompetingwithnativebees.
Forseveralyearsthemediahastoldusthatbeepopulationsareunderthreat.Inresponsetothismediacampaignto“savethebees",raisinghoneybeeshasbecomeapopularhobby.Butasaspecies,honeybeesareleastinneedofsaving.Muchmediaattentionisgiventohoneybeesattheexpenseofnativebees,andthishasledmanycitizens—myselfonceincludedtomistakenlybelievetheyaredoingagoodthingfortheenvironmentbyraisinghoneybees.Unfortunately,theyareprobablydoingmoreharmthangood.
“Beekeepingisforpeople;it'snotaconservationpractice,"saysShellySmith,anenvironmentalscienceprofessor."Peoplemistakenlythinkkeepinghoneybeesalsohelpsthenativebees,whichareatriskofextinction.That'swrong.”
SmithandherresearchteamrecentlysurveyedonethousandlocalpeopleinCanadaandfoundthattheyhadasurprisinglypoorunderstandingofbeetypesandtheirrolesinpromotingflowergrowth.Mostpeople'sattentionisons
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