高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及详细答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合试题及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Oneofmyfavoritehobbiesisexchangingold-fashioned,paper-with-a-stamp-on-itpostcardswithrandomstrangersaroundtheworld.
ThePostcrossingProjectwascreatedbyPauloMagalhaesin2005.Helikedgettingmails—especiallypostcards.Hethoughtothersdid,too—buthowcouldheconnectwiththem?
That'swhenhecameupwiththeideaofanonlineplatform():
There,postcardloverslikemecansignuptosendapostcardtosomeonewhohasregisteredonline,andreceiveapostcardinreturn.
Alongwitharandomlyselectedaddress,participantsgetauniquecodetoputonthepostcard.Whenthepostcardarrives,therecipientregistersthatcodewiththesite,whichthencausesthesender'saddresstobegiventoanotherpostcrosserinturn.Inpractice,thismeansthatfornearlyeverypostcardIsend(afewgetlostinthemail)Igetoneback.AndsinceIneverknowwhowillsendmeacardorwhereintheworldtheylive,everytriptothemailboxholdsthepotentialforawonderfulsurprise.
Privacy-consciousAmericansmightworryaboutsharingtheiraddresswithstrangersoverseas.Butpostcrossersarefriendly,polite,respectfulfolks—inmorethan450cardsexchanged,I'veyettohaveabadexperience.
Ondayswhentheinternationalnewsisdepressing,postcrossingismycomfort.There'snothinglikegettingacardfromachildinChinajustlearningtowriteinEnglish,oragrandmotherinBelarusdescribinghermostrecentgardeningsuccesstoremindmethatwetrulyaremembersofoneglobalfamily,farmoresimilarthanwearedifferent.
Itseemslikesuchasmallthingtosendoutapostcard.Butastravelandcommunicationtechnologycontinuetoshrinktheworld,it'simportanttorememberthatitisn'tjustfordiplomatsandpoliticianstorepresentourcountryanymore.Allofushavethepower—andperhapstheresponsibility—tobeambassadors,toshowthebestofyourcountrytotheworld.
Andit'sgoodtoknowthatwhatyouneedtoaccomplishthisisnotnecessarilycomplicatedorexpensive.Itcanbeassimpleasapostcard.
(1)WhydidPaulosetup?
A. Todiscusspersonalhobbieswithstrangers.
B. Toexchangepostcardswithothersintheworld
C. Tocollectdifferentpostcardsfromothercountries.
D. Toprovideaplatformforcommunicationonline.
(2)Accordingtothepassage,postcrossers__________.
A. don'tknowwhowillsendthempostcards
B. aresuretogetapostcardbackimmediately
C. oftenchooseareceiver'saddresscarefully
D. registereverypostcardtheyreceiveonline
(3)Whatdidthewriterlearnfrompostcrossing?
A. Theinternationalnewsisusuallydepressing.
B. Americansaremoreconsciousaboutprivacy.
C. Postcrosserssometimesdescribetheirbadexperience.
D. Thewholeworldisactuallyabigfamily.
(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?
A. Choosingadiplomattorepresentacountry.
B. Havingtheresponsibilitytobeanambassador.
C. Showingthebestofyourcountry.
D. Shrinkingtheworldwithcommunicationtechnology.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了网站,一个可以让世界各地的陌生人交换老式的、带有邮票的明信片的网站,由PauloMagalhaes在2005年创立。
文章说明了在这个网站和他人交换明信片的方式,以及作者认为这是一种能够向世界展示自己国家最好的一面的方式,而且它并不复杂也不昂贵。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“That'swhenhecameupwiththeideaofanonlineplatform():
There,postcardloverslikemecansignuptosendapostcardtosomeonewhohasregisteredonline,andreceiveapostcardinreturn.”就在那时,他想到了一个在线平台():
在那里,像我这样的明信片爱好者可以注册,向网上注册的用户发送明信片,并收到明信片作为回报。
可知保罗建立了是为了和世界上的其他人交换明信片。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AndsinceIneverknowwhowillsendmeacardorwhereintheworldtheylive,everytriptothemailboxholdsthepotentialforawonderfulsurprise.”因为我不知道谁会给我寄贺卡,也不知道他们住在世界的什么地方,所以每次去邮箱都有可能带来惊喜。
可知postcrosser并不知道谁会给他们寄明信片。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“There'snothinglikegettingacardfromachildinChinajustlearningtowriteinEnglish,oragrandmotherinBelarusdescribinghermostrecentgardeningsuccesstoremindmethatwetrulyaremembersofoneglobalfamily,farmoresimilarthanwearedifferent.”在中国,没有什么比收到孩子们寄来的贺卡更能提醒我,我们是同一个全球大家庭的一员,相似之处远远多于不同之处。
)可知作者从postcrossing中认识整个世界实际上是一个大家庭。
故选D。
(4)考查代词指代。
根据倒数第二段中的“Allofushavethepower—andperhapstheresponsibility—tobeambassadors,toshowthebestofyourcountrytotheworld.”我们所有人都有能力——或许也有责任——成为大使,向世界展示你们国家最好的一面。
可知要向世界展示自己国家最好的一面,你需要做的并不复杂也不昂贵。
故this指代“展示你国家最好的一面。
”故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
"Iftheyhatedmetheydidn'ttalktomeaboutit,"saysayoungGermanmanageratamediafirminFrankfurt.Still,hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchhehadtoswallowtwicebeforeaddingtheword"boss".
Olderworkerssometimesenvybeingmanagedbyayoungercolleague.Precocious(老成的)youngsters,too,canfeelawkwardaboutbossingtheireldersaround.ButinGermanyashortageofskilledworkersmeansthatsuchsituationsarebecomingevenmorecommon.
Thecountry'spopulationisprojectedtoshrink.AsmoreGermansretire,feweryoungstersareenteringthework-placetoreplacethem.Asashareoftheworkingpopulationthenumberof15-to-24-year-oldshasfallenbytenpercentsincethe1980s,saystheGermanFederalEmploymentAgency.Firmscompetingtohireyoungtalenthavetopromotethemearlierasaresult.ApaperbyprofessorsattheuniversityofCambridgeandWHU,aGermanbusinessschool,tobepublishedintheJournalofOrganizationalBehavior,suggeststhiscouldbeaproblem.
Asinmanycountries,Germanwork-placesarelegallyobligedtooverlookagewhendecidingwhomtopromote.YetaccordingtoJochenMenges,oneoftheauthors,whenanordinaryworkerleap-frogsamoreexperiencedoneitcanleavethelatterwithfeelingsof"anger,fearanddisgust."Peopletendtojudgetheirownstandingbythesuccessoftheirpeers,andtoseefailureinbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.Therelationshipbetweenfeelingsofanxietyandtheageofthebossisclear,accordingtoMrMenges.Amanagerwhoisyoungerbyoneyearissomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsisfarmorediscouraging.
Germanfirmscertainlyshouldn'treturntoasysteminwhichageequalstorank.Butyoungpeopletendtobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.Andolderworkersshouldbeencouragedtoseethebrightsideoflearningnewskills.Daimler,abigGermancarfirm,saysitpromotesage-mixedteams,sothatknowledgecanbetransferredbetweengenerations.Italsosupportsyoungmanagersbyaskingretiredemployeestoprovidetemporarysupport.
(1)ForwhatdoestheauthormentionayoungGermanmanagerandhisexperienceinParagraph1?
A. Tointroducethetopic. B. Topresentanargument.
C. Toattractreaders'interest.
D. Todescribehisownidea.
(2)WhyaresomeprecociousyoungstersbossingtheireldersaroundinGermany?
A. Precociousyoungstersareallskilledworkers.
B. Suchsituationsarebecomingmorecommon.
C. Feweryoungsterswouldliketodohardwork.
D. Companiescompetefiercelytohireyoungtalent.
(3)Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsmightanemployeeregardhimselfasafailureaccordingtothepassage?
A. Whenhehastodecidewhomtopromote.
B. Whenheleap-frogsamoreexperiencedworker.
C. Whenheisbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.
D. Whenheexperiencesfeelingsofanger,fearanddisgust.
(4)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mean?
A. Ayoungerbossismorelikelytobenervousandanxious.
B. Anemployeewithayoungerbosstendstosufferfromanxiety.
C. Thereisaconnectionbetweenanxietyandtheageofpromotion.
D. Theageofthebossandanxietyarecloselyrelated.
(5)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Qualifiedworkersshouldbepromotedtoboss.
B. Olderworkersshouldsupportyoungermanagers.
C. Olderworkersarenobetterthanyoungercolleagues.
D. Youarenevertoooldtolearn,ortooyoungtomanage.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
(5)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由于德国年轻人数量下降,竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员,拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。
就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面,以及组建年龄混合的团队。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的”Still,hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchhehadtoswallowtwicebeforeaddingtheword’boss‘.“不过,他说,值得注意的是,当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时,他不得不吞下两口,然后才加上“老板”一词。
提到的事例以及第二段中的”Olderworkerssometimesenvybeingmanagedbyayoungercolleague.Precociousyoungsters,too,canfeelawkwardaboutbossingtheireldersaround.ButinGermanyashortageofskilledworkersmeansthatsuchsituationsarebecomingevenmorecommon.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。
早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。
但在德国,熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。
对第一段的现象进行解释说明,可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-oldshasfallenbytenpercentsincethe1980s,saystheGermanFederalEmploymentAgency.Firmscompetingtohireyoungtalenthavetopromotethemearlierasaresult.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示,自上世纪80年代以来,15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。
因此,竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。
可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使,这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争,导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的”Peopletendtojudgetheirownstandingbythesuccessoftheirpeers,andtoseefailureinbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位,并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。
可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候,他会认为自己是失败的。
故选C。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的”Amanagerwhoisyoungerbyoneyearissomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsisfarmorediscouraging.“一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安;20年的差距更让人沮丧。
可推知老板年龄越年轻,员工的焦虑感越明显,故可推知划线句子意思是:
拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。
故选B。
(5)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的”Butyoungpeopletendtobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.Andolderworkersshouldbeencouragedtoseethebrightsideoflearning
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