专八改错练习15篇 带答案解析.docx
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专八改错练习15篇 带答案解析.docx
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专八改错练习15篇带答案解析
Error-correctionExercise16
NASAisabouttolaunchalargesatellitethatwillmonitor
thehealthofEarth'satmosphereinunprecedenteddetail,and1____________
keepingdailytrackofeverythingfromtheupperozonelayer,
thatguardsagainstsolarradiation,totheairnearthe2____________
groundthatpeoplebreathe.The$785millionmission
istobelaunchedSaturdayfromVandenbergAirForceBase
inCalifornia.ABoeingDeltaIIrocketwillsendthe6,542-pound
spacecraftintoa438-mile-highpolarorbit.Thatistoscanthe3____________
atmosphereforatleastsixyears.
Thecraft,namingAura,isthethirdandfinaladditiontoaseries4____________
ofmajorsatellitesmakingupNASA'sEarthObservingSystem,
aninitialsetofspacecraftthatdesignedtostudyalloftheprocesses5____________
thataffecttheEarth'sclimateandweather.Terra,whichmonitors
land-basedprocesses,waslaunchedin1999;Aqua,whichobserves
theoceansandwatercycleofEarth,sentupin2002.Theseflagship6____________
spacecrafts,joinedbymorethanadozenofothersatelliteslaunchedby7____________
theUnitedStatesandseveralothernations,allowlong-termstudies
ofthefactorsthatinfluenceclimatechange,usingmanydifferent
instruments.Thelaunchingisfundamentallyamissiontounderstand
andprotecttheveryairwebreathe.Inconjunctionwiththe8____________
climateobservatories,Aurashouldmakeamajorcontributionto
determinethecauses,extentandconsequencesofglobalchange.9____________
Thespacecraftcarriesfourinstrumentsthatwillsurveythe
atmospherefromtoptobottom,includingmonitoringozone
initsgoodandbadforms.Intheupperatmosphere,ozoneinthe
stratosphereprovidesaprotectivebarrierforharmfulultraviolet10___________
radiationfromtheSun.Inthetroposphere,theatmosphericlayer
thatgoesfromthegrounduptoaboutsixmiles,ozoneproduced
bycombustionisamajorpollutantinsmog.
Error-correctionExercise17
Marshasprovokedmuchspeculationonthepossibilities1___________
oflifeonEarththananyotherplanetintheSolarSystem.2___________
Thepresenceofwaterisaprerequisitefor
existingoflife.Therefore,“followthewater”has3___________
beenNASA’schiefguidelinefortheexplorationof4___________
aredplanet.AlthoughMarsexperiencesseasonslike
onEarthanhaspolarcapswhichcomposedof5___________
carbondioxideandwaterice,todayitisbone-dryand
frigidlycold.Butevidenceisrapidlyaccumulatingthat
Marsisoncemuchwetter,withamoreclementclimate.6___________
Thisevidencecomesfromorbitingsatellitesandfrom
datacollectedbyrovinglanders.
Sincethe1970’s,spaceprobesofMarshaverevealed7___________
numerousfeaturesapparentcarvedbyflowingwater,8___________
suchaswinding,branchedvalleysresembling
driedoutstreambedsandgiantoutflowchannelsgouged
bycatastrophicfloods.Recenthigh-resolutionimagery
fromtheMarsGlobalSurveyor,MarsOrbiterCamera
andtheMarsOdysseyThemisrevealnumerousexamples9___________
ofbranchedvalleysthatformtightly-packedintegrated
drainagesystem.Therechannelsoriginsattopographic
highpoints;thevalleyswiden“downstream”,some
evendisplayinginnervalleys.Thevalleynetworks
exhibitmorphmetriccharacteristics,includingnetworks
densities,comparativetothoseofterrestrialdrainagebasins.10__________
Thesefeaturesweremostlikelyproducedbyrainfall,during
wetter,warmerperiodsinthepast.
Error-correctionExercise18
ThewordpetroleumhasitsrootintheLatinwordoleum,1___________
whichmeansoil,andtheGreekwordpetra,whichmeansrock..
ThewordpetrifiedshareswiththesameGreekroot.Asthe2___________
priceofoleumhassoaredup,thelinksbetweenfearandpetroleum3___________
havebecomecleartoeconomistsaswellasetymologists.
Fearsofheating-oilshortagethiswinterhelpedtopushthe
benchmarkpriceofcrudeover$55perbarrel,anewrecord,on
MondayOctober18th.Thespikeinoilprices,upbyover
60%sincethestartoftheyear,isbyturn,raisingfearsforthe4___________
globalrecovery.Evenoilexportersareworried.Thehighprices
theycurrentlyenjoywillsloweconomicgrowthnextyear,
warnedtheOrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries
(OPEC)onMonday.Ifoilremainsexpensive,cartel5___________
Pointedout,peoplewillbylessofit.Thelastweek,forthe6___________
firsttimesinceJune,Americanmotoristspaidmorethan$2
averageforagallonofpetrol.Tofilltheirtankthesedays,
theymustshelloutalmost30%morethanlastyear.Therefore7___________
theanxietyisnotconfinedtothepetrolpump.About7.7m
Americanhouseholds,mostofwhominthenorth-east,rely8___________
onoiltowarmtheirhomes.Inacoldsnap,theydrawon
stockpilesofheatingoil,amassedatvariouspointsaroundthe
country.
Inflationremainsatbay,forthemoment,mostworkers9___________
expectittostaythatway.Thereisalittlesignyetthathigher10___________
oilpricesarefeedingintohigherwagedemands.Itwouldthus
betoomuchtosaythatcentralbankersarepetrifiedbypetroleum.
Butasthepriceofoilsetsnewrecords,theirrock-likeconfidence
isbeginningtocrumble.
Error-correctionExercise19
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthree
possiblecoursesofactionopenforhim:
hecangivethe1___________
inventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea
secrete,orpatenit.
Agrantedpatenistheresultofabargainbetween
aninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsa
limitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetails
ofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.
Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesarethelife-span2___________
ofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.
ThelongestextensionnevergrantedwastoGeorgesVlensi;3___________
his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextended
until1971becauseformostofthepatent’snormallifethere
wasnocolorfulTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardto4___________
theinvention.
Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafter
ithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachingtothe5___________
patentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideas
thatarefreeforanyoneadvisetouseand,ifolderthan
halfacentury,sometimesevenpatent,.Indeed,patent6___________
expertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehigh
costofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentthatthe
onesureofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’s
rightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likely,because7___________
publicationofanideainanyotherformpermanently
invalidatesfurtherpatentonthatidea,itistraditionally8___________
safetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmodern
technologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsof
legalsecurity.
Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventions
soonlearnthatmost“new”ideasare,infact,asoldasthe
hills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,neither9___________
throughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailability
ofnewtechnology,whichmakesnewsandmoney.10___________
Error-correctionExercise20
Howcananorganization’ssalesoperationbe
improved?
Oneofthekeytobecomingmoreeffective1___________
istofirstdeterminethetypeof“sellingprocess”which
needstobeused.Withotherwords,therolethesalesperson2___________
mustplayhastobeidentified.Therearethreedifferent
processessalesstaffcanadapt:
narrative,suggestiveand3___________
consultative.
Thenarrativeapproachdependsonthesalesperson
movequicklyintoastandardizedpresentation.Everybuyer4___________
receivesthesamepresentation.Emphasisistohighlighting5___________
benefitsandhowtheproductorservicescanhelpthebuyer.
Thisisaneffectiveapproachifthebuyingmotiveforall
customersisbasicallythesame.Thisprocessiswellsuited
whichthereareagreatnumberofprospectstobecalledon.6__________
Thesuggestiveapproachdependsontheseller
beinginapositiontoofferalternatedrecommendations.7__________
Thisisquitedifferentfromthenarrativeapproachasthe
presentationistailoredtotheindividualcustomer.Here,
thesalespersonmustinitiatesomediscussioninorderto
getthebuyerinanegativeframeofmind.8__________
Theconsultativeapproachrequiresthesalesperson
tohaveathoroughunderstandingofthecustomerandwhat
thecustomeristryingtoachieve.Theroleofthesalesperson
istobecomeanadviserorconsultantandshe/hemustacquirea
greatdealofinformationsfromthecustomer.Withthisinformation9__________
thesalespersoncanplanwhattoofferthecustomer.
Hiring,training,motivatingandrewardingsalesperson
needtobelinkedthetypeofsalesprocessbeingusedand10__________
thatwheretheproblemstarts.Akeyissueindevelopinga
professionalsalesorganizationisinfirstestablishingthe
salesprocess.Whenthedecisionhasbeenmade,allother
salesdecisions,includinghiring,trainingandrewardscan
belinkedtoit.
Error-correctionExercise21
Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhuman
societyortheprocessofmakingsuchastudy.
Contemporaryethnographyisbasedalmostentirely
onfieldworkandrequiresthecompleteimmersion
oftheanthropologistonthecultureandeverydaylife1___________
ofthepeoplewhoarethesubjectofthisstudy.Ethnography,
byvirtuewithitsintersubjectivenature,isnecessarily2__
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