职称英语.docx
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职称英语.docx
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职称英语
2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目
职称英语
外语教育网
人事考试教育网
2011-1-7
2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解
新增文章篇目
第三篇CookingOilFumesCauseTumor
*第十八篇ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics
*第二十四篇PreventingChildMaltreatment
+第三十四篇BeAlertto1AntimicrobialResistance
注:
1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;
2、完形填空请参见第15页;
3、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。
第三篇
CookingOilFumesCauseTumor
Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.
Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.
AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.
"Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,"saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.
Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,l,483weremale.
Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonlyl8percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.
However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedabout1irritatedeyesandthroat.
About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen'sbedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.
However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.
"UnlessmyfamilyandIdon'teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,"saidXuLi,a45-year-oldlocalwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless."
Doctorssaidwomen'slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.
Otherexpertsagreedwithhe3.
"Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen,"saidDrTanBinyong,honorarypresidentoftheRespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity'sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen."
He'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling5friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.
Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,6expertssaid.
词汇:
fume烟,气,汽
tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤
cancer癌瘤
breast乳房,胸
incidence发生(率)
diagnosis诊断
inhale秒.吸人
irritate使疼痛,刺激
fry钐.油炸,油煎
unventilate使不通风
adjacent.临近的
dietary饮食的
immune吐免疫的
honorary名誉上的;荣誉的
respiratory呼吸的
stall货摊
注释:
1.complain原意是“抱怨,诉苦",但医学上常用complainabout或complainof表示“主诉”。
2.adjacentto:
与……相毗邻,临近……(地方)
3.Otherexpertsagreedwithhe.其他专家同意何医生的意见。
agreewithsb:
同意某人的意见。
agreewithsth:
同意什么东西。
agreetodosth:
同意做什么事情。
4.byfarthebiggestcause:
最最大的原因。
byfar是用来做形容词最高级thebiggest的状语,对形容词最高级起强调作用。
本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了,可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来,所以就相当汉语的“最最……”的意思。
5...warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling...:
警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。
也可以说成"...warnedpeopleoffstallsselling..."。
6....ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime:
...如果长时间接触这种烟的话。
exposesb.tosth.原意是“使......(人)暴露于......(物)”,但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)"的意思。
此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“ifoneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime"。
练习:
1.Whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?
AMenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.
BWomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.
CPatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.
DPatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.
2.WhichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinShanghai?
AHeartdisease.BBreastcancer.
CInfectiousdiseases.DLungcancer.
3.Whatsymptomsmaybe'complainedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm,closecontactwithcookingoilfumes?
AIrritatedeyesandthroat.BSeverepaininbothlungs.
CContinuouscoughandheadache.DDifficultyinbreathin9.
4.Whatwasthelocalwomen'sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?
AHappy.BSurprised.
CAngry.DCareless
5.Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen'slungcancer?
AFamilycancerhistory.
BUnhealthydietaryhabits.
CWeakimmunesystems.
DPersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.
答案与题解:
1.D文章第二段明确提到,肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻,尤其是妇女”。
2.B文章第三段说到,“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后,发病率第二高",可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。
3.A文章第七段说到,“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受"。
4.B文章倒数第七段明确说到,“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。
5.D回答此题时,首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字,即hadfewlinksto...和wascloselyrelatedto...,其中linkto意为connectionwith,而relateto则意为connectwith,都是“联系"的意思,只是few和closely的差别却很大。
few和little一样,都是具有否定意义的词,意为“很少,几乎没有",只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与afew和alittle不同,afew和alittle具有肯定意义,意为“有几个"和“有一点",后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。
如果这一点明白了,也就很容易回答这道题了。
*第十八篇
ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics
Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.
ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet'sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody'sabilitytoutilizeinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.
Thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.
Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeⅡ,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects'musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2
AssociateProfessor3Dr.FlemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.
"Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment."
Delawasquotedassaying.6
Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.
Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.
Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.
词汇:
insulin胰岛素
diabetic(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者
diabetes.糖尿病;多尿症
brisk/brisk/彩.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的
Copenhagen哥本哈根(丹麦首都)
muscle肌肉
utilise(=utilize)利用,使用
medication儿.药物,药物治疗
subject玩实验对象
utilisation(=utilization)利用,使用
saying格言
hormone激素
pancreas胰(腺)
注释:
1.beequalto:
等于
2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:
作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。
从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。
3.associateprofessor:
副教授
4....cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:
不能治好人们的糖尿病。
curesb.ofsth.:
给某人医治某病。
例如:
Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。
putoff:
推迟,延期Delawasquotedassaying:
Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。
注意谓语是被动语态。
workup:
逐步引起,激起wearoff:
逐渐消失(be)unawareofsth..不知道,没觉察
练习:
1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?
ABytakingmoresaltthanusual.
BBytakinglesssaltthanusual.
CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.
DBygoingclimbin9,swimmingorboxingeveryday.
2.Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby
A70percent.
B30percent.
C60percent.
Donlyafewpercent.
3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalincluded.
Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.
BelderlytypeIIdiabeticmen.
Cbothsexesofallages.
DbothAandB.
4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?
ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.
BTothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.
CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.
DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.
5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseis
ofwatchingtheirdiet.
Aaspoorlyunderstoodas
Baswellunderstoodas
Clessunderstoodthan
Dbetterunderstoodthantheimportance
答案与题解:
1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。
至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至
终都没有提到。
2.B文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。
3.D此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。
4.A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。
5.C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性。
*第二十四篇
PreventingChildMaltreatment
Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-1ongconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries。
especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.
Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While25—50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionala
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