英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较.docx
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英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较.docx
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英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较
英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较
LT
题目:
英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较
OnCulturalComparisonBetweenBritishAfternoonTea
andCantoneseMorningTea
摘要
茶文化博大精深,而茶又是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
中国和英国都是饮茶大国,各自独特的茶文化代表着东西方不同的饮茶风格,是各自传统文化的重要组成部分。
本论文以英国下午茶和广东早茶文化为研究对象,详细描述了两地丰富的茶文化特色,从而对两地茶文化的异同进行比较。
首先本论文简单追溯了中英两国的茶文化概况。
接着分章节叙述了英国下午茶与广东早茶的起源及其历史发展:
其中包括英国维多利亚时期的下午茶盛况,清朝广州的茶楼,以及英国下午茶和广东早茶的风格和特点;同时包括两地的茶文化的现状,等等。
最后对两者之间的不同点与相似处进行了比较和总结。
从中,我们不仅能了解丰富的茶文化知识,还能由此更深地探索两地的文化异同。
本文将要探索的是,除去那些表面的差异,两者在文化层面的相似之处:
茶在社交功能方面所发挥的作用。
关键词:
茶文化;下午茶;早茶;文化比较
Acknowledgements..................................................................................17
OnCulturalComparisonBetweenBritishAfternoonTea
andCantoneseMorningTea
1.Introduction
Teaisacupoflife.ItistrueforbothChinesepeopleandBritishpeople.ForChinese,teaisaninseparablethingofdailylife.Also,teaishighlypraisedanddeeplylovedbyBritishpeople.AstheBritishwriterSamuelJohnsonhassaid:
“Tea'sproperuseistoamusetheidle,andrelaxthestudious,anddilutethefullmealsofthosewhocannotuseexercise,andwillnotuseabstinence?
”.
Chinaisthehometownoftea.Andthereisalegendoftheoriginoftea:
Shennong,aagriculturalgod,isalsotheinventorofChinesemedicine.Hediscoversthefivecerealsaswellasvariousherbals,whichcancurehumandiseases.ItissaidthatShennongtastesvariousherbalssoastomasterthecharacteristicsofherbalmedicinesandispoisonedseventy-twotimesadaybutisdetoxifiedbyaccidentallyeatingtealeaves.Thisistheearliestdescriptionandwrittenrecordaboutourforefather'sunderstandingoftea.IntheWesternHanDynasty(206B.C.-9A.D.)inthesouthwesternofChina,especiallyinSichuanandYunnan,peoplestartdrinkingteaasbeverage.Atthattime,teaisalsodedicatedtotheEmperorsastributes.TangandSongDynastiesarethemostimportantperiodsofteaculturedevelopment.PeoplebegintoproduceteaonalargescaleinTangDynastyandteabecomespopularquickly.TheartofChineseteastartstotakeshape.ItisinthemiddleperiodofTangDynasty(618-907A.D.)thatteadrinkingbecomesanationaltraditionandleadstothedevelopmentofadelicateteadrinkingritual.Theteahousesspreadalloverthecountry.Drinkingteaisnotonlyprevalentineverypartofthiscountrybutalsodevelopsinvariousstylesindifferentareas.Forexample,Guangzhouisfamousforitsmorningteaculture.Nowadays,morningteacultureistheuniquepartofCantoneseculture.
Thoughthetea-drinkinghistoryofBritishismuchshorterthanthatofChina,Britainisalsoateaconsumingcountry.Itrapidlybecomesthesecondlargestteaconsumerintheworldnow,witheachpersonconsumingonaverage2.1 kgperyear.Whenasked"Whatkindofdrinkingdoyouwant",theanswersofmostBritishpeopleare"Teaforever".Aboutintheearly17thcentury,Britishbegintohaverecordsabouttea.About1650,Britishoccasionallydrinktea,thengraduallyteabecomesanintegralpartofdailydrinksintheUK.TeaisfirstintroducedtoBritainbyPortuguesePrincessCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEngland,inthe1660sand1670s.Itissaidinherdowriesthereare221poundsofblackteaandallkindsofexquisiteChineseteasets,whileatthattime,blackteaisaspreciousassilver.Regardedasthe“TeaQueen”,CatherinebringstheblackteatotheRoyalPalaceandmakestheteaartpopularamongtheladiesofroyalfamily.Gradually,teaspreadsoutinthenobility,becomingtheirmagicmedicineandthefashionablebeverageinsocialintercourse.Atthattime,teatradebetweenChinaandBritaindevelopesrapidly.In1840s,thetraditionofafternoonteaiscoincidentlyinventedbyAnnaRussell,theseventhDuchessofBedford.Sincethen,theafternoontimeisnotboringandendless.Afternoonteabecomesanewformofsocialintercourse,andtoacertainextent,itchangestheBritish’slifestyle.Later,afternoonteagetsintocommonpeople’slife.TeabecomesBritish’stotem-drink.
2.BritishAfternoonTea
UndertheinfluenceofthecultureofBritishafternoontea,Britishwritersoftenexpresstheirappreciationforafternoontea.HenryJamessaysinhisfamousnovelThePortraitofaLadythat“Therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdedicatedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”(Smith1989:
15).Aftermorethanonehundredyears’development,afternoonteabecomesoneofBritishpeople’shabits,andshapestheuniqueBritishafternoonteaculture.
2.1TheOriginanddevelopmentofBritishafternoontea
TeaisfirstintroducedtoBritainasamysteriouseasterndrink,andonlythenoblemencanaffordtheexorbitantpriceoftea.ItisthePortuguesePrincessCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEnglandthatmakestheteadrinkinghabitbecomeprevalentamongtheRoyalPalaceandthenobility.Thus,sheisrespectfullyaddressedbyherpeopleas“TeaQueen”.
ItissaidthatthequeenconsortCatherinedrinksanamberbeverageinherharem.Eveninsomecourtbanquets,whenpeopleproposeatoasttoher,shealwaysraisesherspecialcupanddrinksherownamberbeverage.Peopleareconfusedwhythisbeveragecannotmaketheirqueendrunkbutmakeheramorebloomingvisage.SomeonereportsittoCharlesII,thinkinghewilllookintowhatactuallythisamberbeverageis,whilehejustrespondswithasmile.Onthecontrary,theFrenchqueenisfullofcuriosity.HerintuitiontellsherthatCatherine’sbeautyhassomethingtodowiththismysteriousdrink.Temptedbygreedandjealousy,sheordersoneofherretinuestostealthisstrangething,whereasitissoonexposedandtheretinueishangedforthis.Afterthisevent,theblackteabroughtfromPortugalbyPrincessCatherinespreadsacrossthewholeroyalfamily.
Itisimpossibletopinpointexactlywhenteaisfirstservedasanafternooneventthattakesplacebetweenmiddayluncheonandeveningdinner.Routinesvariedgreatlybetweencities,countriesandclasses,dependingontheindividual'sactivities.Butthereisnodoubtthatsometimeinthelate1830sandearly1840s,drinkingteaintheafternoonisdevelopedintoanewsocialevent.TheacceptedtealegendalwaysattributestheinventionofafternoonteatoAnnaRussel.In1840s,thetraditionofafternoonteaiscoincidentlyinventedbyAnnaRussell,theseventhDuchessofBedford.Atthattime,peopleofupperclassusuallyhavesupperataround8o’clockintheevening.ButAnnabeginstofeelhungryatround4intheafternoon.Thisleavesheragoodlongtimeof4hours.Therefore,shetellstheservanttobringatrayoftea,bread,butterandcaketoherroomduringthelateafternoon.Itbecomesahabitofhers.Soon,sheinvitesherfriendstojoinher.Afternoonteaisfavoredbymostwomen,becausetheyhaveareasontogettogetherandkilltheleisuretimeinamoremeaningfulway.ThenthewomenofthearistocracydothesameintheirhomeasAnnadoes.Laterdrinkingafternoonteabecomesafashionablesocialevent,providingaplaceforpeopletomeetnewfriendsandgetnewinformation.
2.2FeaturesofBritishafternoontea
TheVictoriaEraisthemostpowerfultimeoftheBritishEmpire,whencultureandartarevigorouslydeveloped.Atthattime,peoplepursuetheexquisitelifestyle,andtheafternoonteaisnotanexception.
TheconventionaltimeofhavingafternoonteainVictoriaEraisatfourO’clock.Menwearswallow-tailedcoatsandwomenchangeintolonggowns,glovesandhats——theyarethemostclassicaldressinginVictorianteaparty.IntheannualafternoonteapartyheldinBuckinghamPalacetoday,thecostumesofpeoplekeepthestyleofVictorianEra.Menarestillinswallow-tailedcoatsandtop-hats,holdingumbrellasintheirhands;womenareinbeautifuldressandhats.
Nextismakingtea.TheteasareoftenChineseblackteasinhighquality.Besides,EarlGreyandDarjeelingarealsoBritish’sfavorites.Teasetsareusuallychinaorsilverware.Inaddition,theembroideredlacetableclothsandtraypadsaretheessentialaccessoriesinVictorianafternoonteaparty.TheyaretheimportanthousedecorationsthatsymbolizetheluxuriouslifeofVictoriannobility.
Thenitcomestothesnacks.TraditionalVictorianafternoonteasnacksareheldinathree-storytieredporcelainstand.Therearedaintysandwichesonthefirst-storystand,traditionalBritishsnackandsconeonthesecond-storystand,cakesandpastriesonthethird-storystand.Thesnacksmustbeeatenincertainorder,fromthefirstleveltothethirdone.
Moreover,anotherprincipalelementisthefineplace.TheVictorianafternoonteapartyisoftenheldinanelaboratedesignedsaloonorthebeautifulcourtyard.Insuchwonderfulenvironment,themusicbandcannotbeabsent.Theladieswearteagownsandsteptheteadanceinthedelightfulmusic.ItisatimeforBritishpeopletoshowtheirgenteelnessandladygrace.
2.3PresentsituationofafternoonteainBritain
Britishusedtospendalotoftimeondrinkingtea,and“afternoontea”becomesthesymbolofelegantlifestyleoftheBritish.However,itisnoteasytofindgoodplacestodrinkafternoonteaonthestreetsofLondonnowadaysorfindtracesofBritishafternoonteaonthemenu.Itisunderstoodthat,theplaceswhereafternoonteaisservedarebasicallyfive-starhotels.Thereareonlyafewtearoomsinmoderncities.OnlywegotosomesmallScottishtowns,canwefindthattherearemanytearoomswhichsupplycheapandtraditionalafternoontea.Thetown’speoplestilldrinkeveryafternoonteaandhavethehabitofchattingwithfriends.
TheideaofafternoonteainBritishmindisbeinggraduallydiluted.Today,afternoonteaissimplifiedbecauseofthe
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- 关 键 词:
- 英国 下午 广东 早茶 文化 比较