当代研究生英语下册课文原文.docx
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当代研究生英语下册课文原文.docx
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当代研究生英语下册课文原文
UNIT1PASSAGESOFHUMANGROWTH(I)
1Aperson’slifeatanygiventimeincorporatesbothexternalandinternalaspects.Theexternalsystemiscomposedofourmembershipsintheculture:
ourjob,socialclass,familyandsocialroles,howwepresentourselvestoandparticipateintheworld.Theinteriorrealmconcernsthemeaningsthisparticipationhasforeachofus.Inwhatwaysareourvalues,goals,andaspirationsbeinginvigoratedorviolatedbyourpresentlifesystem?
Howmanypartsofourpersonalitycanweliveout,andwhatpartsarewesuppressing?
Howdowefeelaboutourwayoflivingintheworldatanygiventime?
2Theinnerrealmiswherethecrucialshiftsinbedrockbegintothrowapersonoffbalance,signalingthenecessitytochangeandmoveontoanewfootinginthenextstageofdevelopment.Thesecrucialshiftsoccurthroughoutlife,yetpeopleconsistentlyrefusetorecognizethattheypossessaninternallifesystem.Askanyonewhoseemsdown,“Whyareyoufeelinglow?
”Mostwilldisplacetheinnermessageontoamarkerevent:
“I’vebeendownsincewemoved,sinceIchangedjobs,sincemywifewentbacktograduateschoolandturnedintoadamnsocialworkerinsackcloth,”andsoon.Probablylessthantenpercentwouldsay:
“Thereissomeunknowndisturbancewithinme,andeventhoughit’spainful,IfeelIhavetostaywithitandrideitout.”Evenfewerpeoplewouldbeabletoexplainthattheturbulencetheyfeelmayhavenoexternalcause.Andyetitmaynotresolveitselfforseveralyears.
3Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime—dowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?
Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.
4Theworkofadultlifeisnoteasy.Asinchildhood,eachsteppresentsnotonlynewtasksofdevelopmentbutrequiresalettinggoofthetechniquesthatworkedbefore.Witheachpassagesomemagicmustbegivenup,somecherishedillusionofsafetyandcomfortablyfamiliarsenseofselfmustbecastoff,toallowforthegreaterexpansionofourowndistinctiveness.
PullingUpRoots
5Before18,themottoisloudandclear:
“Ihavetogetawayfrommyparents.”Butthewordsareseldomconnectedtoaction.Generallystillsafelypartofourfamilies,evenifawayatschool,wefeelourautonomytobesubjecttoerosionfrommomenttomoment.
6After18,webeginPullingUpRootsinearnest.College,militaryservice,andshort-termtravelsareallcustomaryvehiclesoursocietyprovidesforthefirstroundtripsbetweenfamilyandabaseofone’sown.Intheattempttoseparateourviewoftheworldfromourfamily’sview,despitevigorousprotestationstothecontrary—“IknowexactlywhatIwant!
”—wecastaboutforanybeliefswecancallourown.Andintheprocessoftestingthosebeliefsweareoftendrawntofads,preferablythosemostmysteriousandinaccessibletoourparents.
7Whatevertentativemembershipswetryoutintheworld,thefearhauntsusthatwearereallykidswhocannottakecareofourselves.Wecoverthatfearwithactsofdefianceandmimickedconfidence.Foralliestoreplaceourparents,weturntoourcontemporaries.Theybecomeconspirators.Solongastheirperspectivemesheswithourown,theyareabletosubstituteforthesanctuaryofthefamily.Butthatdoesn’tlastverylong.Andtheinstanttheydivergefromtheshakyidealsof“ourgroup”,theyareseenasbetrayers.Reboundstothefamilyarecommonbetweentheagesof18and22.
8Thetasksofthispassagearetolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,ananticipatedoccupation,anideologyorworldview.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobeginleavinghomeemotionally.
9Evenasonepartofusseekstobeanindividual,anotherpartlongstorestorethesafetyandcomfortofmergingwithanother.Thusoneofthemostpopularmythsofthispassageis:
WecanpiggybackourdevelopmentbyattachingtoaStrongerOne.Butpeoplewhomarryduringthistimeoftenprolongfinancialandemotionaltiestothefamilyandrelativesthatimpedethemfrombecomingself-sufficient.
10AstormypassagethroughthePullingUpRootsyearswillprobablyfacilitatethenormalprogressionoftheadultlifecycle.Ifonedoesn’thaveanidentitycrisisatthispoint,itwilleruptduringalatertransition,whenthepenaltiesmaybehardertobear.
TheTryingTwenties
11TheTryingTwentiesconfrontuswiththequestionofhowtotakeholdin
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