Heroism in Trojan War.docx
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Heroism in Trojan War.docx
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HeroisminTrojanWar
BriefIntroductionofIndividualHeroism
ByDengCuiyu
IndividualheroismisfrequentlyseeninTrojanWar.Heroismarethequalitiesofaheroorheroine,exceptionalorheroiccouragewhenfallingdanger(especiallyinbattle).---aqualityofspiritthatenablesyoutofacedangerorpainwithoutshowingfear.(Wordnet3.0FarlexClipartCollection.PrinoetionUniversity2003).While,individualheroismemphasizesmoreonpersonalbraveness,wit,gloryandstrength.Individualheroestendtopursuetheirfameanddreamsonlybytheirownpower.Theydisrespectevenneglecttheforceofcollectivity,justlikeAchilles,thegreatestwarriorandfastestrunnerofhistime,whoneverrecognizedandshowedduedeferencetothekingofhiscountry-stateandtheirarmy.
IndividualHeroisminTrojanWar
ByDengCuiyu
TrojanWar,whichlastedfortenyears,isoneofthemostsublimewarsinhumanhistory.InTroyperiod,individualheroismreacheditspeakwithallcitizens’passion.ThespecialsocialandpoliticalbackgroundinBronzeAgefosteredthisenduringspirit.Plentyofcountry-statesaroundAegeanSeaattheirtimecontinuallyfoughtagainsteachother.Everycitizenhadresponsibilitytodefendtheirownstates.Individualscouldwintheirfameandpositionsinbattlesagainstenemies.Evenattheexpenseoftheirlives,theystillregardeditastheirgreatglory.Whereas,theprocessoftheirbattleswerenottotallythesameasitnowadays.Theyworshipedduelsfairlyperformedjustbytwowarriorswhicharepersonificationofindividualheroism.Withthisparticularclimate,anumberofheroescameintopicture.TheirrespectablecourageandwisdomwerewelldemonstratedinTrojanWar.Theirspiritwilllastforgood.
IntroductionofAchilles
ByWangQian
AchilleswasthesonofthemortalPeleusandtheNereidThetis.HewasthemightiestoftheGreekswhofoughtintheTrojanWar,andwastheheroofHomer'sIliad.WhenAchilleswasaboy,theseerCalchasprophesiedthatthecityofTroycouldnotbetakenwithouthishelp.Thetisknewthat,ifhersonwenttoTroy,hewoulddieanearlydeath,soshesenthimtothecourtofLycomedes,inScyros;therehewashidden,disguisedasayounggirl.DuringhisstayhehadanaffairwithLycomedes'daughter,Deidameia,andshehadason,Pyrrhus(orNeoptolemus),byhim.Achilles'disguisewasfinallypenetratedbyOdysseus,whoplacedarmsandarmoramidstadisplayofwomen'sfineryandseizeduponAchilleswhenhewastheonly"maiden"tobefascinatedbytheswordsandshields.AchillesthenwentwillinglywithOdysseustoTroy,leadingahostofhisfather'sMyrmidonsandaccompaniedbyhistutorPhoenixandhisclosefriendPatroclus.AtTroy,Achillesdistinguishedhimselfasanundefeatablewarrior.Amonghisotherexploits,hecapturedtwenty-threetownsinTrojanterritory,includingthetownofLyrnessos,wherehetookthewomanBriseisasawar-prize.LateronAgamemnon,theleaderoftheGreeks,wasforcedbyanoracleofApollotogiveuphisownwar-prize,thewomanChryseis,andtookBriseisawayfromAchillesascompensationforhisloss.ThisactionsparkedthecentralplotoftheIliad,forAchillesbecameenragedandrefusedtofightfortheGreeksanyfurther.Thewarwentbadly,andtheGreeksofferedhandsomereparationstotheirgreatestwarrior;Achillesstillrefusedtofightinperson,butheagreedtoallowhisfriendPatroclustofightinhisplace,wearinghisarmor.ThenextdayPatrocluswaskilledandstrippedofthearmorbytheTrojanheroHector,whomistookhimforAchilles.
AchilleswasoverwhelmedwithgriefforhisfriendandHector.HismotherobtainedmagnificentnewarmorforhimfromHephaestus,andhereturnedtothefightingandkilledHector.Hedesecratedthebody,draggingitbehindhischariotbeforethewallsofTroy,andrefusedtoallowittoreceivefuneralrites.WhenthekingofTroyandHector'sfather,camesecretlyintotheGreekcamptopleadforthebody,Achillesfinallyrelented;inoneofthemostmovingscenesoftheIliad,hereceivedPriamgraciouslyandallowedhimtotakethebodyaway.
AfterthedeathofHector,Achilles'dayswerenumbered.Hecontinuedfightingheroically,killingmanyoftheTrojansandtheirallies,includingMemnonandtheAmazonwarriorPenthesilia.FinallyPriam'ssonParis,aidedbyApollo,woundedAchillesintheheelwithanarrow;Achillesdiedofthewound.Afterhisdeath,itwasdecidedtoawardAchilles'divinely-wroughtarmortothebravestoftheGreeks.OdysseusandAjaxcompetedfortheprize,witheachmanmakingaspeechexplainingwhyhedeservedthehonor;Odysseuswon,andAjaxthenwentmadandcommittedsuicide.
Duringhislifetime,Achillesisalsosaidtohavehadanumberofromanticepisodes.HereportedlyfellinlovewithPenthesilia,theAmazonmaidenwhomhekilledinbattle,anditisc
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