定语从句知识结构图解.docx
- 文档编号:27829551
- 上传时间:2023-07-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:44.55KB
定语从句知识结构图解.docx
《定语从句知识结构图解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句知识结构图解.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
定语从句知识结构图解
定语从句知识结构图解
不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句概念:
定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,
①指人的先行词子称为定语从句。
⒈先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
②指物的先行词
★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)
先行词
①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)
关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)
③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)
定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:
引导定语的词
标准:
根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
关系词的分类关系代词:
在从句中做主,宾,表,定
(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
关系副词:
在从句中作状语
(When/where/why)
⒊定语从句:
用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。
①限制性定语从句:
对先行词起限定修饰作用。
定Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.
定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句:
对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
语Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.
比较:
Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)
从Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)
句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)
②关系代词在定语从句中作表语
⒈关系代词的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)
限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略
Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.
比较:
Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.
(此时只能用which且不能省略)
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
定语从句几个难点Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
用that的情况Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰
Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.
⒉先行词是人
that/who的区别①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等
Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhaveto
waitatthegateoftheschool.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一
用who的情况个用who
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
③在therebe结构中
Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.
.
①在非限定性定语从句中
Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.
②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.
ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack's.
用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthe
librarywhichisnewlyopentous.
①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,
⒊先行词是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等
that/which的区别Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.
②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,
thevery,theright,thelast等所修饰时
ThisistheverybookthatIwant.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand
用that的情况theplacesthatimpressedhermost.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.
ThisisthefirstfilmthatI'veseensinceIcamehere.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用that
Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathad
neverbeenseenbefore.
定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?
语定语从句10个难点①As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定
句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
常用于以下句型当中
从★Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的
Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.
句⒋As引导定语从Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句,此时
译为“正如,像”等。
可以放在句首,句中或句末。
AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.
TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.
★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别
ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)
ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.(同类事物)
①When在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的time,day等
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)
②Where在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place,spot等
Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?
(where=inwhich)
③Why在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有reason.
⒌关系副词的运用Idon'twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)
★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词
★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形),situation,
position(位置),stage(阶段),point(地步)等
Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。
(此时where=inwhich)
that/inwhich/不填在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式①way
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.
比较:
Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.
(★way在定语中作tell的宾语)
time表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句Thisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.time②先行词⒍几个特殊
的先行词time作“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词when
Thiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesorno
TVsets.(★此时when=duringwhich在..期间)
③先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4种引导方式
why/forwhich/that/不填
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.
比较:
Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromthe
conference.(★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语)
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which(指物)介词+whom(指人)
★该结构介词的选用原则:
①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.
ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.
②根据先行词的搭配习惯
IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.
IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.
⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan'tliveiscalledoxygen.
④英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。
Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.
Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend.Ⅰ如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略注意:
定
Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.
语定语从句10个难点Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如
lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.从
句①当先行词是oneof+复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitor
⒏定语从句的everyyear.
主谓一致②当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式
TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthe
moon.
③先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.
Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.
定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式
⒐定语从句的Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.
转化Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.
Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.
①判断从句是否为定语从句(先行词,关系词,定语从句)
②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)
10.定语从句的从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
解题方法例:
Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.what
注意:
Ⅰ.关系代词whose的用法。
Whose在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词是人:
whose=the+名词+ofwhom当先行词是物:
whose=the+名词+ofwhich
Doyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?
I'dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.
Ⅱ.That引导定语从句,名词性从句和强调句型的区别
定语从句中的that:
关系代词,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。
名词性从句中的that:
从属连词,只起连接主从句的作用,在从句中不做句子成分。
强调句中的that,运用于itis/was…that..结构;判断标准:
去掉强调句型结构,成分仍然完整。
比较:
ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引导定语从句)
ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis构成强调句型)
Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)
Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)
Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)
Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引导名词性从句--表语从句)
定语从句练习题:
1.TheywillflytoWashington,_______theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when
2.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_______arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
3.Iwillgiveyoumyfriend'shomeaddress,_____Icanbereachedmostevenings.
A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where
4.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
5.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_______therewon'tbemuchwork.
A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich
6.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_____NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
7.Wewentthroughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
8.Weshouldn'tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
9.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_____wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
10.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
11.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
12.Lookout!
Don'tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
13.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous._____wegavesomebellsandglasses.
A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich
14.Manychildren,____parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom
15.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
16.ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
17.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.
A.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 定语 从句 知识结构 图解