产房操作程序.docx
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产房操作程序.docx
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产房操作程序
TRAINER’SGUIDE
FOR
FARROWING.
COURSEOUTLINESFOR:
1.………………………FeedingandWatering
2.
3.……Pre–FarrowingandPost–Farrowing
4.
5.……………………………………Processing
6.
7.……………………………………..Fostering
8.
9.…………………MedicationandTreatment
10.
11.………………………..WeaningProcedures
12.
13.…………………….WashingandSanitation
14.
15.………………………………..Miscellaneous
16.
1.FEEDINGANDWATERING.
2.
Feedingisaveryimportantpartoffarrowinghousemanagement.Feedconsumptionmustbemonitoredcloselyeverydayforeachsow.Someofthethingsthatfeedingcanaffectare:
.Easeoffarrowing–Overfeedingpriortofarrowingcancausedeliveryproblemsandearlymilkingproblems.
.MilkProduction–Increasingasowsfeedtooquickimmediatelyafterfarrowingornotfeedingenoughduringlactationcanreducemilkproduction.
.SowCondition–Sowsdrawfromtheirbodies’fatreservesduringlactation.Sowsthataretoothinatweaningoftenhaveproblemsre-breedingandconceiving.
.Health–Moldyorsourfeedcancausesowstogoofffeedorbecomesick.
FEEDINGSOWS–POST-FARROWING.
.Feedingtwiceaday(1.5kgperfeeding)allowsowstogetusedtothefarrowinghouseroutine.
CONSTIPATION.
.Alwayscheckwatersupplyifasowbecomesconstipated.
.Consideralaxativeifproblemcontinues.
FEEDINGSOWS–POST–FARROWING.
.Afterfarrowing,sowsshouldbefedaccordingtothefeedschedule.Thefeedscheduleisaguidelineonlyandsowsshouldbefedaccordingtotheirindividualneeds.
.Frequentfeedingallowssowstoconsumemorefoodduringlactation.
.Amountfedshouldbegraduallyincreaseduntilthesowsstopcleaninguptheirtroughs.
.Amountfedshouldbemaintaineduntilthesowscleanupthenincreaseagain.
.Donotdecreasefeedamountatpmfeeding–adjustatamfeeding.
.Sowsshouldalwaysbemadetogetupatfeedingtime:
1.toobservetheirpigs
2.
3.tochecktheirphysicalcondition
4.
5.toobservetheirappetite
6.
OFFFEED.
Sowsgoingofffeedareacommonproblem.Alwayscheckforotherproblemssuchlike:
.Cloggeddrinkernipple
.Mastitis
.Metritis
.Lameness
.Fever
.Moldyfeed
Ifnoneoftheseproblemsexist,herearesomethingstotry:
.Walksowaroundtheroom.
.Putcreepfeedinhertroughormakeagrueloutoffeedandwater.
.TreatwithAntibioticorVitamaster.
.Moveherouttotheboarbarnifshedoesnotstarteatingagainwithin3daysaftergoingofffeed(earlywean).
WATERCONSUMPTION.
.Sowsmusthaveagoodsupplyofwateratalltimes.Drinkernipplesshoulddeliver2liters(qts.)perminute.
.Pregnantsowsdrinkabout8liters(qts.)perday.Lactatingsowswilldrink16–21liters(qts.)perday.
SIGNSOFDEHYDRATION.
1.Offfeed.
2.
3.Constipation.
4.
5.Milkdryingup.
6.
7.Death
8.
WEANDAY.
.Sowsshouldnotbefedonweaningdayinthefarrowinghouse.Theywillbefedinthebreedingbarn.
CREEPFEEDING.
Creepfeedingachievesthreethings:
.Itgetspigsaccustomedtodryfeed.
.Itimprovestheweightofthepigsatweaning.
.Itgetspigsofftoabetterstartandimprovesperformanceinthenursery.
.Startfeedinginthe2ndweekroom(approx.7daysofage).
.Feedtwiceaday.
.Onlyfeedasmuchasthepigswillconsumein12–24hrs.
.Removewetorspoiledfeedbeforerefilling.Washfeederifneeded.
.Ifthepigsdevelopaliquidyelloworwhitescour,removecreepfeedaltogetheruntilproblemstops.Thenresumefeeding.
.Creepfeedisexpensive.Avoidwastingit.
3.PRE–FARROWINGANDPOST–farrowing.
4.
Pre–farrowing–Careofsowsandgilts.
.Movesowstofarrowing3-5dayspriortoduedate.
.Avoidstressinganimalswhenmoving–staycalm,especiallywithgilts!
SIGNSOFFARROWING.
Checkatleasttwiceaday(usuallyatfeeding).
.Offfeed
.Panting
.Nervous
.Dilationofvulva
.Swollenudder–rednipples
.Canstripmilkfromnipples
.Rootingandpawing–buildinganest
.Grunting,sighing
.Vaginaldischarge(waterbreaks)
.Hikingrearleg–contractions
.Oncefarrowinghasstarted,checksowevery20–30minutes
.Recordtimeandnumberofpigseachtimeyoucheckonfeedchart
WHENTOSLEEVE–SIGNSOFDISTRESS.
.Whensowsshowconstantstraining,(30minutessincelastpigborn)
.Drypigs
.Stillborns
SLEEVINGSOWS.
.Sanitationisveryimportanttopreventmetritis
.Opengate
.Disinfectrearendandvulvawithdiluted,gentleiodinesolution
.Usecleansleevefromthebagorcarton,don’tputtheminyourpocketwheretheygetdustyetc.
.Lubesleeveandentersowwithouttouchinganythingelse
.Pullallyoucanreachatonce
USEOFOXYTOCIN.
.Injectinneck/aboveudderorbetweenanusandvulva.
.Alwayssleevesowfirsttocheckforblockageofbirthcanal
.Failuretodosocancausestillborns,prolapse,uterinerupture/internalbleeding
.2cc’sforfarrowing,1ccformilkletdowninneckor0.5ccaboveudderandbetweenanusandvulva(repearedafter30-60minutes)
POST–FARROWING,CAREOFSOWS.
.Sowsmustpasstheirafterbirthandallstillbornpigs
.Sleevesowfirsttocheckforblockageofbirthcanal
.Ifyoufeelasowhasretainedpigsorplacenta,followinstructionsabove.
.Sowshouldstartpushingwithin15minutes
.Duringwalkabout(firstthingam),oxytocinshouldbegiventoeverysowthathasfinishedfarrowingtohelpcleanoutandimprovemilkletdown
DAILYCAREOFSOWS.
Eachsowshouldbecheckeddailyforseveralthings.
.Appetite
.Milkingability–appearanceofpigs
.Constipation
.Uddercondition
.Lameness
.Vaginaldischarge
.Generalappearance
5.PROCESSINGPIGS.
6.
NAVELCORDS.
Day1.
.Clipto2.5cms(1”)inlength
.Extremelylongcordscanhanginpitandactasawickforbacteriabeforetheydry.Spraywithiodine.
TATTOOEAR.
Day1.(trytoleavelitterfor12hourstohelpcolostrumintake)
.Identifiesindividualpigs
.Alwaystattooinleftear
.Checkbreedandnumberbeforestartingandstampfirsttattooforeachsequenceoftattoosusedonlittersheet
.Recordonwalkaboutsheet
IRONINJECTIONSANDTAILDOCKING.
Day4.
.Pigsarebornwitha2-3daysupplyofiron.Sowmilkdoesnothaveenoughtopreventanemia
.Administerironasrecommendedbythesourceofiron.
.Tilthead,pullskintight.Whenskinisreleased,itcoversinjectionholeinmusclesoirondoesnotleakout
.Checkneedlesforburrs/dullnesstopreventabscesses.Replaceneedlesperiodically(aftereachlitter)
.Taildockingreducestailbiting
.Iftailsaretoolongpigswillstillbite
.Iftailsaretooshort,itcancauserectalprolapse
.Cuttailsto2cms.(¾inch)inlength
.Cutslowlysothatwoundiscauterized
.Keepscreenandbladeclean
CASTRATING.
Day4.
.Castrateanynotchedmalepigletsnottattooedforbreedingstock
.Castratingpreventsboarodorinmeatofmarketpigs
.Checkforrupturebeforecutting.Onesidewillbebigger–intestinesfeel“squishy”
.Holdpigsecurely
.Presstesticlestightagainstscrotum.
.Cutthroughtheskinandtunic–alwayscutawayfromyourself
.Popouttesticleandpullstraightuptoavoidrupture
.Getallstringsandtissueoutoftheincision
.Puteartagintoridgling’sear
DIDIBOARS.
.Everymonth6Didiboarsaremade,
3LargeWhite
3Landrace
.UsuallydoneonaThursdayfromthesameroom
WHENFIRSTLEARNINGTHEABOVETECHNIQUES,CONCENTRATEONDOINGITCORRECTLYEVERYTIME…..SPEEDWILLCOMEWITHPRACTICE.
ItisimportanttorecordallbirthsanddeathsonSowcardsandwalkaboutsheet(forrecordingincomputer).
Recordsow,boarandlitterinformationonlittercard.
Recordtattoonumbers,malesandfemales,colourandsignoffwhenprocessingjobsarecompleted.
DIDIBOARSELECTION.
.BoarswillbeselectedfromsmalllittersofLWorLRastheseindividualswillbenotchedattattooing.
.Boarswillbeepididimizedat2weeksofage.
.Fertilitywillbecheckedwhentheyareapprox.6monthsold.
.IdentifyeachDidiboarwithatag(DD+#).Recordtheassignednumber,tattoo,yearletterandbreed.
.Allowtheseboarstobreedcullgiltsatleasttwice,onthethirdbreedingassigntheboaravirgingilt,collecteitherinaStyrofoamcuporallowtobreedandswabthegiltintravaginally,applytheswab
toamicroscopeslidewiththeboarnumber.Packageeachslideinaseparatelyidentifiedenvelopeandforwardforcertification.
.Changeglovesbetweenboarsbeingcollected.
.Filetheboarcertificateintherecordsoffice.
.Aftertheboariscertifieditcanbevaccinated,Suvaxyn,ParvoandErys.
.IfanyDidiboarsaredesignatedforsaletocustomersforuseintheirgiltdevelopmentprograms,theuseofspecialvaccinationsforthatcustomermustbecarriedout.
GUIDETOFOSTERINGPIGLETS.
.Countfunctionalteats,recordthenumberonsowcard.Don’tcountinvertedorblindteats,andthelasttwosmallteats(betweenherlegs)shouldbecountedasone.Pigsmayonlybemovedduringthefirst24hoursoflife.
.Movethebiggestandstrongestpigletsfromalitter.Theseadapttoanewlittereasier.Smallerruntsorstarveoutscanbeputtogetherononegoodmilkingsowatday10-12.
.Movepigletsfromasowthatdoesnothaveenoughfunctionalteatsontoonethathasmorefunctionalteatsthanthenumberofherownpiglets.
.Onadaythatyouhavemorepigletsbornthannumberoffunctionalteats,youcanleaveextrapigletsonasowovernightandfosterthoseextrapigletsoffontonewlyfarrowedsowsthenextday.Youmayalsomovepigletsontoasowthathas
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