英语阅读练习2议论文阅读.docx
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英语阅读练习2议论文阅读.docx
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英语阅读练习2议论文阅读
议论文的阅读方法和技巧
议论文也就是说理性的文章,一般由论点,论据和论证过程组成。
议论文都要提出论题,观点,提供充分的证据(evidence),使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
阅读议论文我们要抓住题,抓住作者提出的观点,给出的例证及最后得出的结论。
抓住了论题,抓住了观点,我们就把握住了文章的中心,再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及他们和观点、结论之间的内在联系,我们就能理解文章的结构。
因此,阅读议论文的关键是:
抓论题,抓观点。
看看下面一篇例文
1)
Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybeforechangesforthebetter,changesfortheworse,changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.
Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse,ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.
Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:
inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.
Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons.AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.
WilliamShakespearesaid."Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether."Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.Butdoesithavetobeso?
Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?
Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?
72.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2,③=Paragraph3,④=Paragraph4,⑤=Paragraph5)
73.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat ________.
A.agreatmanynuclearweaponswereactuallyusedforwar
B.alargenumberofnuclearweaponsshouldhavebeenusedforwar
C.theauthorisdoubtfulabouttheruinofhumanbeingsbynuclearweapons
D.theauthorisanxiousaboutthehugenumberofnuclearweaponsontheearth
74.Theunderlinedword"mingled"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans _________.
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
75.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestifhecontinuestowrite?
A.Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.
B.MorereadingofWilliamShakespeare.
C.Properuseofscienceinthenewcentury.
D.Effectivewaystoseparatethegoodfromtheill.
2)
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectablejobs.Personaladvisorsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutive(主管的)circle,beautycanbecomealiability.
Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.
Handsomemaleexecutiveswereconsideredhavingmorehonestythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoleadtotheirsuccess.
Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelesshonestythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasconnectednotwithabilitybutwithfactorssuchasluck.
Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemorehonestyandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasconnectedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.
Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?
Anattractivewomanisconsideredtobemorefemininehasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymanlypositionappearstolackthe“manly”qualifiesrequired.
Thisistrueeveninpolitics,“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates(候选人).Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.
Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalescompletelydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadrankedmostattractiveunchangeablyreceivedthefewestvotes.
60.Theword“liability”mostprobablymeans________.
A.disadvantage B.advantage C.misfortune D.trouble
69.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness.
A.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable
B.strengthensthefemininequalitiesrequired
C.isofgreatimportancetowomen
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly
61.Bowman’sexperimentshowsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________
A.turnsoutto beadisadvantagetomen
B.ismoreofadisadvantagethananadvantagetowomen
C.affectsmenandwomenalike
D.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen
62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften________.
A.practical B.supportive C.old?
fashioned D.one–sided
63.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.
A.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive
B.discussthedisadvantagesofbeingattractive
C.demandequalrightsforwomen
D.statetheimportanceofappearance
3)
Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeech,everyspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately,themomentsareusuallynotobvioustothelisteners.Why?
Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamoment,wronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentences,orforgettopauseatacertainpoint,noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur,don’tworryaboutthem,Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.
Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,thatdon’treallymatter.IfyouhaveeverlistenedtoMartinLutherKing’sfamousspeech–“Ihaveadream”,youmaynoticethathestumble(结巴)hiswordstwiceduringthespeech.Mostlikely,however,youdon’tremember.Why?
Becauseyouwerefixingyourattentiononismessageratherthanonhiswayofspeech-making.Peoplecarealotaboutmakingmistakesinaspeechbecausetheyregardspeech-makingasakindofperformanceratherthanasanactofcommunication.Theyfeelthelistenersarelikejudgesinanice-skatingcompetition.But,infact,thelistenersarenotlookingforaperfectperformer.Theyarelookingforawell-thought-outspeechthatexpressthespeaker’sideasclearlyanddirectly.Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeakers’attractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman.
Asyouworkonyourspeech,don’tworryaboutbeingimperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.
46.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthatnoonewill___________.
A.besmarterthanyou B.noticeyourmistakes
C.dobetterthanyou D.knowwhatyouaretalkingabout
47.Youdon’trememberobviousmistakesinaspeechbecause___________.
A.yourattentionisonthecontent
B.youdon’tfullyunderstandthespeech
C.youdon’tknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay
D.youfindthewayofspeech-makingmoreimportant
48.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.
A.givingaspeechislikegivingaperformance
B.onetotwomistakesinaspeechmaynotbebad
C.thelistenersshouldpaymoreattentiontohowaspeechismade
D.themoremistakesaspeakermakes,themoreattractivehewillbe
49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeaker
B.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech
C.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeech
D.Don’tExpectMistakesinaSpeech
50.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Ifyouarecarefulenough,youcanmakeaperfectspeech.
B.Speech-makingisakindofperformance.
C.MartinLutherKingisnotagoodspeaker.
D.Listenersarenotjudgesandtheypaymoreattentiontothemessage.
4)
thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness,iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.butinfact,theoppositeistrue:
moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.
asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment(承担的义务),self-improvement.
askabachelor(单身汉)whyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.thesinglelifeisfilledwit
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