高中英语 第一单元过关检测 新人教版必修5.docx

高中英语 第一单元过关检测 新人教版必修5.docx

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高中英语第一单元过关检测新人教版必修5

2019-2020年高中英语第一单元过关检测新人教版必修5

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）

第一节（共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分）

阅读下列短文,从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

LisaMeitner

In1939anEnglishphysicistreceivedastrangecable（电报）namedMaudRayfromSweden,anditseemedtomakenosense.Butheknewthewomanwhosentthecable—shewasLisaMeitner,afamousphysicist.Shehadadoctor’sdegreeandin1908she’dgonetoworkinBerlin.TherewasanotheryoungphysicistnamedOttoHahn,herclosecolleague.

Womenweren’tallowedtoworkinthelaboratory,soHahnandMeitnerhadcreatedtheirownlabinacarpenter’sshop.Theyworkedonnuclearfission（裂变）untilWWⅠ.ThenMeitnerjoinedtheAustrianarmyasanX-raytechnician.ButshekeptworkingwithHahnwhenevertheybothcouldgetawayonleave.By1918they’dcreatedanewelementtheycalledprotactinium（镤）.

Bytheendofthewar,MeitnerwasmadeheadofthephysicsdepartmentatacollegeinBerlin.TheresheandHahnwenttoworkonradiation（放射）.ItwasfinallyMeitnerwhorealizedwhatgreatenergywasreleasedinuranium（铀）nuclearfission.

ButshewasJewish.ShefoundatwistedpathoutofGermany.ShefledfirsttoHolland,thentoCopenhagen,andfinallygottoSweden.Thereshepublishedaclearexplanationofnuclearfissionenergyin1939.Heraimshadnothingtodowithbombs,butherpaperstartedtodrawtheattentionofbomb-makingeffortsamongthewarringnations.

Laterin1939shesentthatstrangecabletoherfriendinEngland.AndheunderstoodthenameMaudRaytobethecodeforradium,whichwarnedhimthattheGermanswerestoringradium.

Yearslater,MeitnerbecamethefirstwomantoreceiveashareoftheFermiAwardforherphysicscontributionstothebombsheneverwantedtomake.Shewas88andbeggedoff—saidshewasn’tuptothetrip,soGlennSeaborg,achemist,wenttoLondonandbroughttheprizetoher.

1.WhoisEnglishphysicistthatreceivedthestrangecablesentbyLisaMeitner?

A.MaudRay.B.Withoutmention.

C.OttoHahn.D.GlennSeaborg.

提示:

细节理解题。

文章只提到有位英国物理学家得到了电报,但没有提到他的名字,所以选B项;而MaudRay是电报的名字,OttoHahn是她的同事,GlennSeaborg是帮她领奖的人,都不是接受电报的那位科学家。

答案:

B

2.WhatisthegreatestcontributionmadebyLisaMeitnerinherfield?

A.Thecreationofprotactinium.　

B.ThewarningoftheWWⅠ.

C.Thediscoveryofnuclearfission.　

D.Theinstructionofbombmaking.

提示:

推理判断题。

文章提到她在科学领域的发明和贡献是发现了核裂变,这由第三段的末句“ItwasfinallyMeitnerwhorealizedwhatgreatenergywasreleasedinuranium（铀）nuclearfission.”可以推断,有关镤元素的合成以及一战的警告,不能作为最大的贡献,所以排除A项和B项;由文章提到的“forherphysicscontributionstothebombsheneverwantedtomake”可以推断选项D的叙述不对。

答案:

C

3.Accordingtothewriter,whatkindofpersonisLisaMeitneroutofthefieldofthescience?

A.Apeacelover.　B.Afriendlyperson.　

C.Abravefighter.　D.Askilledtechnician.

提示:

主旨大意题。

从作者的写作意图,尤其她发电报提醒说德国正在储备核原料,警告战争的爆发来判断,作者想要突出表现的是她“爱好和平”的品德。

答案:

A

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.LisaMeitnersentthecabletotellaboutherpaperofnuclearfission.

B.LisaMeitnergotmuchhelpfromthegovernmentofGermanyandSweden.

C.LisaMeitnerwasforcedtoleavefromherhomelandfortheracialreason.

D.LisaMeitnerwasveryproudofbeinggiventheFermiAwardprize.

提示:

推理判断题。

由文章倒数第二段的“AndheunderstoodthenameMaudRaytobethecodeforradium,whichwarnedhimthattheGermanswerestoringradium.”可以推断选项A错误。

电报的内容是告知德国储存核原料;由第二段中的“Womenweren’tallowedtoworkinthelaboratory”推断选项B错误;由文章末段首句推断选项D错误,而由第四段的“ButshewasJewish.ShefoundatwistedpathoutofGermany.ShefledfirsttoHolland,thentoCopenhagen,andfinallygottoSweden.”可以推断由于种族原因,她不得不搬迁,所以选C项。

答案:

C

B

Sciencecan’texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthepanyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressureandraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.

Anyownerwilltellyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorefortthanahusband/wife.A2002studybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress（紧张）levelsandbloodpressureinpeople—halfofthempetowners—whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic（心算）orheldahandinicewater.Subjectspletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.Peoplewithpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofotherpanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon’tjudge.

Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.Onaverage,peoplelostabout11pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.

5.Theunderlinedword“Subjects”refersto　　　. 

A.whatstudentslearnedatschool

B.peoplethatwerestudied

C.thosewhohadpetswiththem

D.thosepeoplewithoutpets

提示:

词义猜测题。

由上下文意义可知,此处的subjects应该指参加这项研究的人。

答案:

B

6.Whydidthepeopledobetterwithpetsaroundwhenfacingstressfultasks?

A.Becausetheyhavelowerbloodpressure.

B.Becausetheybeemorepatient.

C.Becausetheyarelessnervous.

D.Becausetheyareinhigherspirits.

提示:

细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句话“Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon’tjudge.”可知,人们在宠物面前似乎更放松,不那么紧张。

答案:

C

7.Theresearchmentionedinthelastparagraphreportsthat　　　. 

A.peoplewithdogsdidmoreexercise

B.dogslostthesameweightaspeopledid

C.dogslikedexercisemuchmorethanpeopledid

D.peoplewithoutdogsfoundtheprogramunhelpful

提示:

细节理解题。

由文章第三段的“Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.”可知答案。

答案:

A

8.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?

A.Whatpetsbringtotheirowners.

B.Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown.

C.People’sopinionsofkeepingpets.

D.Pet’svalueinmedicalresearch.

提示:

主旨大意题。

文章第一段就告诉我们宠物的陪伴能降血压、增加心脏病康复的机会,降低孤独感等等,这应该是宠物给我们带来的东西。

答案:

A

C

LinusPauling,theonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizes,wasborninPortland,Oregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962,longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOregonStateCollegein1922.Hehadchosentostudythismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.

HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofplexsubstances.Hisinterestinthe“behaviour”ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainparts,theaminoacids（氨基酸）,whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”.In1950,heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmolecule,adiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.

DuringWorldWarⅡ,PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity,forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.However,theuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmolecules,hetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.

Fromthenon,Paulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones,cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963,thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPeace.

9.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatLinusPauling　　　. 

A.didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchool

B.istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizes

C.wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchool

D.chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving

提示:

细节理解题。

选项A的错误在于第一段中提到LinusPauling一开始没有获得WashingtonHighSchool的毕业证书是因为一个无关紧要的细节,这并不能说明他学习不好,同时这也不代表学校对他不好,因此选项A、C两项错误;根据第一句可知LinusPauling是唯一一个独立获得两项诺贝尔奖的科学家,而不是唯一获得过两个诺贝尔奖的人,因此B项错误。

根据第一段中的“Hehadchosentostudythismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”可知D项正确。

答案:

D

10.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirst?

A.The“behaviour”ofmolecules.

B.Physicalchemistry.

C.Biologicalchemistry.

D.Thehumanbody.

提示:

细节推断题。

根据第二段中的“Hisinterestinthe“behaviour”ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.”可知他最初的研究主题是物理化学。

答案:

B

11.DuringWorldWarⅡ,LinusPauling　　　. 

A.hadtostophisresearchbecauseofthewar

B.madegreatcontributionstothesafetyofthecountry

C.joinedthearmytofightforthesafetyofthecountry

D.tookpartinresearchingnuclearbombs

提示:

推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句可知LinusPauling在战争期间为国家的安全作出过很大的贡献,因此获得了总统颁发的勋章。

注意D项,LinusPauling研究的是核弹对人体分子结构的致命危害,而不是研究核弹。

答案:

B

12.WhichofthefollowingislegalaccordingtoTheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty?

A.Theuseofnuclearweapons.

B.Testinghydrogenbombontheground.

C.Testingnuclearweaponsunderground.

D.Theproductionofhydrogenbombs.

提示:

细节推断题。

根据最后一段中的“Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones...”可知《禁止核试验条约》宣称除了可以进行地下核武器试验,其他的都被认为是违法的。

答案:

C

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Foroveronehundredandfiftyyears,Americansofallsocialclasseshavewornbluejeans.　13　Whethertheyarewornforworkorforfashiontoday.Strauss’inventioncontinuestobepopularnotonly