宾语从句.docx

宾语从句.docx

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宾语从句

一、连词（引导词）

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略

eg.LinTaofeels（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays（that）shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.

Jimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.

Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.

在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句.

vI’msorry（that）Idon’tknow.

vWe’resure（that）ourteamwillwin.

vI’mafraid（that）hewon’tpasstheexam

2当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：

“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略.

vLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.

vLet’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.

vSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.

vNote:

只用whether的六种情况：

v1.   在带to的动词不定式前Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.

v2.   在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

v3.   直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.

v4.  引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether

vWhetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.

v5引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherhewillacceptit.

v6引导同位语从句Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.

v

3当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略

Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?

vIdon’trememberwhenwearrived.

vIaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.

vPleasetellmewho（whom）wehavetosee.

vDoyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?

4带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句

vCouldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?

vCouldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?

vCouldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?

vIdon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.

vPleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.

vCanyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?

vPleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.

二、时态

1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）

vIknowheliveshere.

vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.

vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow

2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）

v

vIknewwholivedhere.

vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.

vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.

vHesaidthathehadseenit.

3当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。

vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.

三、语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分.

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

正：

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

误：

Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

正：

Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.

误：

Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy

3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

正：

Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?

误：

Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?

1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?

Doyouknow?

Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?

2.Mr.SmithhasbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.

JimtoldLinTao.

JimtoldLinTao（that）MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears

3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?

Pleasetellme.

PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.

4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

Ourteachertoldusinyesterday’sclass.

Ourteachertoldus（that）lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday’sclass.

宾语从句需要注意的一些点:

1.     that的省略：

当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。

eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．

2.    宾语从句的否定转移：

主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。

如：

我认为鸡不会游泳。

误：

Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正：

Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.

此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。

试比较：

Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?

Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?

（1）．Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?

A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI

（2）.Hebelievessheisright,__________?

A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe

难点：

1.从句中的语序为陈述语序；

e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?

（应改为：

…howoldsheis）

2.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。

e.g.*Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.（应改为：

…whenshewouldcome）

3.转换：

由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。

e.g.I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.

CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?

=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?

难点：

宾语从句中的It

可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.　我每天写日记成了习惯.

Ithinkitnousecrying.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it　

Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.

Pleaseseetoitthatthedoorisclosed

Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatwehelpyou.

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.

.Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.

A.itB.thisC.thatD.what 

（5）.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

重点：

宾语从句中的虚拟

1）suggest,order,insist,propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb（should）do...

Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.

Theteachersuggestedthatwe（should）cleantheblackboardafterclass.

Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.

2）wish接虚拟

IwishIwereyou.

IwishIhadn'tknownyou.

IwishIcouldgoabroadoneday.

3）在句型"Itisimportant（necessary,strange,natural）that...."中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：

（should）+动词原形，如：

It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。

It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。

It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom

13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which

15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim

19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels

20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who

33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.

A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykind