高中英语相似词汇汇总.docx
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高中英语相似词汇汇总.docx
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高中英语相似词汇汇总
学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:
语法、语义和文体。
语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。
下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。
1.路
way:
Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.
road:
Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.
path:
Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.
route:
Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.
street:
Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.
avenue:
Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(壮严)orprincipalstreet.
2.时代(期)(时期)
period:
Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.(时代)
time(s):
Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新时代)
epoch:
Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.
Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.(纪元)
era:
Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution(时期)
age:
Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge
3.战斗(打仗)
fight:
Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争)
struggle:
Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.
(战斗)battle:
Afightbetweenarmedforces.
(战役)campaign:
Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.
(战争)war:
Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.
(对抗)combat:
Afight,conflict,controversy.
4.牧师(教士牧师)
priest:
Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch
(牧师)minister:
Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.
(牧师)clergy(pl):
Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.
clergyman:
clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.
(牧师)pastor:
AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.
(教区牧师)vicar:
Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.
father:
Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.
5.服装
clothing(collect):
(fml)Generaltermofclothes.
clothes(nosingle):
Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.
garment(fl):
Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.
costume:
1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.
2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:
wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.
dress:
1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙).
2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdress
suit:
Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit
coat:
Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.
overcoat:
Awarncoatworninthestreet.
6.哭
cry:
Themostgeneralone.
(哭泣)weep:
Toletflowtears.
(抽泣抽嗒)sob:
Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.
(哭天抹泪涕泪交流)snivel:
Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.
(哭嚎又哭又闹)blubber:
Tocryloudlynoisily.
(发出低声报怨声)whine:
Tomakealowcomplainingcry.
(嚎哭)bawl:
Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense).
(痛哭)wail:
Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.
(呻吟)moan:
Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.
(呻吟)grown:
Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval
(哀悼)mourn:
Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.
(哀悼)lament:
Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.
7.美丽漂亮
good-looking:
Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.
beautiful:
(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.
handsome:
Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.
pretty:
(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,
lovely:
(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.
fair:
Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.
gorgeous:
(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.
8.拉、拖
pull:
Themostgeneralone.
draw:
Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.
drag:
Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.
Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.
haul:
Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.
Thefishermanishaulinganet.
tug:
Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.
Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.
jerk:
Topullsuddenly.
Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.
tow:
Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.
wrench:
Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.
9.旋转
turn:
Themostgeneralone.
(自转)spin:
Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.
Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.
Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.
(急转)whirl:
Toroundveryfast.
Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.
Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard.
(转动)rotate:
Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.
Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.
(绕转)revolve:
Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.
Itindicatescircularorelliptical(椭圆)movement.
Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.
10.生气、气愤
anger:
Themostgeneralone.
(易怒)becross:
Feelingeasytogetangry.
(愤慨)indignation:
(fml)Anger.
Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.
Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.
(愤怒)wrath:
Verytreatanger.(literary)
Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish.
(狂怒)rage:
Wild,violentanger.
Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.
(暴怒)fury:
Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.
Sheflewintoafury.
11.错误
(误会)mistake:
Awrongthought,act.ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake.
(过错弱点)fault:
Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.
findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming:
Weakness,failing
Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.
InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.
(疏忽)error:
Amistake(formalsometimesliterary)
Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel
Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.
(缺点毛病)defect:
sthlackingorimperfect.
Itreferstoquality.
Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.
(失误过失)blunder:
Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.
Itimpliesignorance.
Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.
12.图画
picture:
Themostgeneralone.
(彩图)painting:
pictureswithcolor.
(绘画图画)drawing:
Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.
(草图)sketch:
Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.
(图解图表)diagram:
Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.
(曲线图)graph:
Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.
(插图)illustration:
Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.
(图样草图)draft:
Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.
(平面图)plan:
Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.
(主视图)elevation:
Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.
(海图)chart:
Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.
13.特别
(专门的,与众不同的)special:
Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.
Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.
Thetubecontainsspecialgases.
(特别的)especial:
(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional
Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned
Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.
(各别的)particular:
Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.
Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(适用)
(特种的)specific:
Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.(usedinscientificarticles)
Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.
Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.
(独特的)peculiar:
Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.
Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.
14.取消、消灭
(取消解除)cancel:
Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.
Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.(消假)
(废除废止)abolish:
Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.
(消灭排除)eliminate:
Togetridof.
Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.
(撤消废除)repeal:
Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.
(根除消灭)exterminate:
Todestroycompletelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbeexterminated.
15.破碎
break:
Themostgeneralone.
(压碎压破)crush:
Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.
Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.
(打碎)smash:
Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.
Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.
(打裂)crack:
Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.
Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface.
Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.
(破裂)burst:
Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.
Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.
(砸碎破碎)shatter:
Tobreakintopieces.
Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface.
Theglasswasshatteredtopieces.
(撞坏)crash:
Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged.
16.环境形势
(环境形势)conditions:
Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto
affectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesamefor
sometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses.
Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries.
(形势)situation:
Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc.
Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance.
Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging.
(环境周围外界)environment:
Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectand
materialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment.
(形势情况)circumstance(s):
Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffect
whathappens.in(under)thecircumstances
(环境周围事物)surrounding(s):
Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceor
person.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.
Theylivedinhostilesurroundings.
17.着名的
well-known:
(infl)
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