全国大学生英语竞赛改错训练.docx
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全国大学生英语竞赛改错训练.docx
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全国大学生英语竞赛改错训练
改错:
历年全真试题及参考答案(00.1-06.12)
00.1
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,man
hasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedand
developed.NowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetS1._______
andmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhe
hasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.MenhaveexploredS2._______
partsofthemoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanother
planetandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherS3._______
planetandexploreit.CanwebetooboldastoS4._______
suggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetS5._______
withinthenot-too-distantfuture?
Somehaveadvocated
suchaprocedureasasolutiontothepopulation
problem:
shiptheexcesspeopleofftothemoon.But
wemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightS6._______
spendincarryingouttheproject.Tomaintainthe
earth'spopulationatitspresentlevel.wewouldhave
toblastoffintospace7,500peopleeveryhourof
everydayoftheyear.
WhyarewespendingsolittlemoneyonspaceS7._______
exploration?
ConsiderthegreatneedforimprovingS8._______
manyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurely
justifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresources
thattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.S9._______
Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthe
coinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions.S10._______
00.6
Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmanners
youimmediatelystartmeetingdifficulties.Many
peoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskeda
lady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtella
well-manneredpersononthewaytheyoccupiedtheS1._______
spacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchaperson
walksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofS2._______
others.Suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople.
However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswas
moreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.S3._______
Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,itheS4._______
saidwasquitewellknown,aboutanAmericanwho
hadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatoneofthecountriesS5._______
oftheMiddleEast.TheAmericanhasn'tbeenS6._______
toldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemight
expect.IfhehadknownaboutAmericanfood,heS7._______
mighthavebehavedbetter.
Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceof
breadthatlooked,tohim,verymuchasanapkin(餐巾).S8._______
Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothatit
fallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenS9._______
watching,saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedS10._______
theactionofhisguest.
Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafine
exampleofgoodmanners.
01.6
Morepeopledieoftuberculosis(结核病)thanofany
otherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobably
beenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringtheearlystagesof S1.________
theindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh S2.________
deathsinEurope'scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythe S3.________
disease.Fromnowon,though,westerneyes,missingthe S4.________
globalpicture,sawthetroublegoingintodecline.With
occasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathand
infectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadily S5.________
throughthe19thand20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,the
introductionofantibiotics(抗菌素)strengthenedthe
trendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowed
tobeimportedtopoorcountries.Medicalresearchers S6.________
declaredvictoryandwithdrew.
Theyarewrong.Inthemid-1980sthefrequencyof S7.________
infectionsanddeathsstartedtopickupagainaroundthe
world.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcameback;in S8.________
manyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter. S9.________
TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7
billionpeople(athirdoftheearth'spopulation)suffer
fromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewas
falling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinical
casesmoreorlessconstantlyat8millionayear.Around S10.________
3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoor
countries.
02.1
Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhunting
behavior.Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasaS1.________
memberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedinto
aharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.IfhisaimisinaccurateS2.________
andhescoresagoal,enjoysthehunter'striumphofkillinghisprey.S3._________
Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewe
mustbrieflylookupatourancientancestors.TheyspentoveraS4.________
millionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.TheirverysurvivalS5._______
dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwhole
wayoflife,eveniftheirbodies,becameradicallychanged.TheybecameS6.________
chasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandprey-killers.
Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.S7.________
Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongS8.________
formativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Their
improvedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewS9._______
use-thatofpenning(把……关在圈中),controllinganddomesticating
theirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.The
risksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.S10._______
02.6
Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhich
arenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.
Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfound
newone.AndanylargeorrichcityisgoingtoattractpoorS1._________
immigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperityS2._________
whicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtowns
ontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereS3._________
ontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynine-
teenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewisthescale.DescriptionsS4._________
writtenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexico
City,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,S5._________
areverydissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday-theS6._________
poorcanstillbenumberedinmillions.
Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,
butbehinditliestwomyths:
themythofthecityasaS7._________
promisedland,thatattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyS8._________
andbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythoftheS9._________
countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,S10._________
sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.
03.6
TheSeattleTimesCompanyisonenewspaperfirmthat
hasrecognizedtheneedforchangeanddonesomethingabout
it.Inthenewspaperindustry,papersmustreflectthediversity
ofthecommunitiestowhichtheyprovideinformation.
Itmustreflectthatdiversitywiththeirnewscoverageorrisk S1._______
losingtheirreaders'interestandtheiradvertisers'support.
OperatingwithinSeattle,whichhas20percentsracial S2.________
minorities,thepaperhasputintoplacepoliciesand
proceduresforhiringandmaintainadiverseworkforce.TheS3._______ underlyingreasonforthechangeisthatforinformationtobe
fair,appropriate,andsubjective,itshouldbereportedbythe S4._________
samekindofpopulationthatreadsit.
Adiversitycommitteecomposedofreporters,editors,and
photographersmeetsregularlytovaluetheSeattleTimes' S5.________
contentandtoeducatetherestofthenewsroomstaffabout
diversityissues.Inanaddition,thepaperinstitutedacontent S6.________
audit(审查)thatevaluatesthefrequencyandmannerof
representationofwomanandpeopleofcolorinphotographs. S7._________
Earlyauditsshowedthatminoritieswerepicturedfartoo
infrequentlyandwerepicturedwithadisproportionate
numberofnegativearticles.Theauditresultsfrom S8.________
improvementinthefrequencyofmajorityrepresentationand S9.________
theirportrayalinneutralorpositivesituations.And,witha S10._______
result,theSeattleTimeshasimprovedasanewspaper.
ThediversitytrainingandcontentauditshelpedtheSeattle
TimesCompanytowinthePersonnelJournalOptimalAward
forexcellenceinmanagingchange.
03.9
"Home,sweethome"isaphrasethatexpressesanessentialattitude
intheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamily
houseissweetornosweet.ThecherishedidealofhomehasgreatS1.________
importanceformanypeople.
ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,
dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenth-centuryEuropeansettlersofthe
AmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouseforone'sS2.________
family,andstartedafarm.ThesesmallhouseholdswereportraitsofS3.________
independence:
theentirefamily--mother,father,children,even
grandparents—liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogethertosupport S4.________
eachother.AnyoneunderstoodthelifeanddeathimportanceoffamilyS5.________
cooperationandhardwork.
AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveon
farms,buttheidealofhomeownershipisjustasstronginthetwentieth S6.________
centuryasitwasinthenineteenth.
WhenU.S,soldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII,for S7.________
example,theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.ButthereS8.________
wasatremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typically
inthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitS9.__
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