四级真题.docx
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四级真题.docx
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四级真题
2008年12月四级真题
PartIWriting
作文题目:
LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags
1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用
2.造成的问题
3.限制使用的意义
PartIIReadingcomprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
That'senough,kids
ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.
"I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved."shesays,"Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'No,wedon'tpush.'"Whathappenednextwasunexpected.
"Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."Stellasays."Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?
"
Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefield
Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:
"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?
"
Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"no"alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.
"Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame."agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."Butthere'sstillanideathatthey'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme."
Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.
"I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"Usuallyaquietreminderthat'wedon'tdothathere'isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."
Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.
ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."shesays.
****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:
"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:
'Iknowyou'llthinkI'msillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant...'"
Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reearringforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:
"Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat."
There'reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Nowyoucan'tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."Whitesays.
Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren."Menfeelnervous,"Whitesays."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."
ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centrednatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,"hesays."Adultsarescaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."
Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.
MeredithFulleragrees,"Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast."
"It'saboutwhatI'mdoinganwhatIneed,"AndrewFullersays."Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble',anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."
Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingoneggshells"feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.
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