高考英语选修七Unit 2Robots跟踪练.docx
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高考英语选修七Unit 2Robots跟踪练.docx
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高考英语选修七Unit2Robots跟踪练
2020高考英语选修七Unit2 Robots跟踪练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·江南十校联考)
WaterRobotsExploretheCelticSea
SicentistsinEnglandareusingtwoself-directedwatervehichestoexploretheanimalandplantlifeoftheCelticSea.TheCelticSeaisabodyofwateroffthesoutherncoastofIreland.Theareaisknownforitsexceptionalsealife.ScientistswanttoknowwhyseaanimalsaresoattractedtothispartoftheAtlanticOcean.
Oneoftheresearchvehiclesispoweredbybatteries.ItcollectsinformationfortheNationalOceanographyCenterinSouthampton,England,andtheWorldWildlifeFund.Thevehicle'slowenergyrequirementspermitittostayafloatforupto30days.ReportsofwhatitfindsintheCelticSeaaresentbysatellite.StephenWoodwardisanengineerwhohelpeddesignthecraft.Hesaysthevehiclehasequipmentthatcandetectsmallorganismscalledzooplanktonandfish.Headdsthatothersensingdevicesmeasurewatercurrentsandotherfeaturesofsealife.Thevehiclealsocreatersatwo-dimensional(二维图)mapofthesea.
Anothervehicleispoweredbysolarpanelsandawindturbine(涡轮机).Itcanstayafloatformonths.Theroboticvehiclesendsinformationabouttheso-calledbiodiversityhotspots.Abiodiversityhotspotisanareaofanoceanthathasalotofplantandanimallifeactivity.LaviniaSubergisoneofthescientistsstudyingthebiodiversityoftheCelticSea.Shesaysproductiveoceanareas,liketheCelticSea,attractzooplankton.Thezooplanktonthenattractfish.Sheaddsthatareaswithalargeincreaseoffishoftenattractseamammalsandbirds.
Usingtheseroboticoceanvehiclesgreatlyreducesthecostofexploringtheseaswithmannedlaboratories.Scientistscanspendmoretimeanalyzingthecollectedinformation.TheysaytheresearchwillgivethemabetterunderstandingoftheneedsoftheCelticSeaforfuturemanagementandprotection.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍两种水下自我探测器,它们用来勘探海底动植物。
1.ScientistsgototheCelticSeatoexplore________.
A.whythisareaappealtoseaanimals
B.whattheCelticSeareallydesires
C.whethertheexpensecanbereduced
D.howthisareacanbebetterprotected
【答案】 A 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句话“ScientistswanttoknowwhyseaanimalsaresoattractedtothispartoftheAtlanticOcean.”可知,选A。
2.Accordingtoparagraph2,theresearchvehicle________.
A.isusedonlytomeasurewatercurrents
B.isdesignedbytheengineercalledLavinia
C.canalsocreateathree-dimensionalmap
D.candetectthezooplanktonandsealife
【答案】 D 细节理解题。
根据第二段第六、七句话“Hesaysthevehiclehasequipmentthatcandetectsmallorganismscalledzooplanktonandfish.Headdsthatothersensingdevicesmeasurewatercurrentsandotherfeaturesofsealife.”可知,选D。
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Bothofthevehiclesarepoweredbybatteries.
B.Neitherofthevehiclescanstayformonths.
C.Thevehicleshelpreducebothtimeandmoney.
D.Reportsaresentbythescientiststhemselves.
【答案】 C 推理判断题。
根据第四段第一、二两句话“Usingtheseroboticoceanvehiclesgreatlyreducesthecostofexploringtheseaswithmannedlaboratories.Scientistscanspendmoretimeanalyzingthecollectedinformation.”可知,选C。
4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Tocallonustoprotectthesea.
B.Tointroducetwowaterrobots.
C.Toinformusofseaexploration.
D.Toarouseourinterestinsealife.
【答案】 B 推理判断题。
从文章第二、三段大意可知,本文主要介绍两种水下自我探测器。
故选B。
B
(2018·北京D)
PreparingCitiesforRobotCars
Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.
Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.
Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?
Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.
AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.
Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。
文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题,对以下方面进行了讨论:
对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧,对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现的管理问题。
通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题,引导考生辩证地看待问题。
5.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan________.
A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems
B.providebetterservicestocustomers
C.causedamagetoourenvironment
D.makesomepeoplelosejobs
【答案】 A 细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句“Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafety...policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissionsandoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.”可知,人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。
选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。
选项B“为消费者提供更好的服务”说法太笼统;选项C与第二段第一句中的cutemissions矛盾;选项D在文中没有提及。
6.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?
A.Safety. B.Sideeffects.
C.Affordability.D.Management.
【答案】 D 推理判断题。
根据最后一段第一句“Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.”并结合上文内容可知,作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理,不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面,与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合,显然这是作者比较关心的。
选项A是人们辩论的事情;选项B概括过于广泛;选项C是无人驾驶车辆的好处。
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Employed. B.Replaced.
C.Shared.D.Reduced.
【答案】 A 词义猜测题。
根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly并结合下句中asthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology可知,随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如,第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中。
选项A“使用”符合题意。
8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.
【答案】 B 推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后两句“Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.”可知,无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到,准备好迎接它的到来吧。
由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。
选项A“怀疑的”;选项C“反对的”;选项D“同情的”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·郑州市第一次质检)Whatdophotographyandfoster(收养的)carehaveincommon?
Apparentlyalot.JenniferLoomis,anexperiencedlocalphotographer,andherhusbandwereachildlesscouple,sotheywereconsidering__1__akid.Aspartoftheir__2__,theywentonlineandvisitedsitescontaining__3__ofchildrenupforadoption.__4__,thephotosdidn'treallyexpressthechildren.ToLoomis'artfuleye,they__5__toletpeopleknowwhothechildrentrulywere.LoomisthencontactedNorthwestAdoptionExchangeand__6__afreephotoshoot(专业摄影)tohelp__7__childrenshowbetterpicturesofthemtoadoptiveparents.The__8__readilyagreed.
Onechildwho__9__thephotoshootwasDeon,alonelychildwhohadbouncedaroundthefostersystem.WithLoomis'great__10__,anewandmorehandsomeDeonwasphotographed.Andthishada(n)__11__effect!
SoonprospectiveparentsJoannaChurchandSeanVaillancourtsawDeon'snewphotoonthewebsiteandwereattractedbytheboywithbright,happyeyes(Theyhadpreviouslyseenhisoldphoto,butgotno__12__ impressionofhim).Contactwasmade,andhewas__13__theirhome.
NowChurchandVaillancourthavebecomeDeon'sparents.The__14__wasagodsend(天赐之物)toDeon.Hehadbeeninandoutofvariousfosterhomessincetheageof5,andwaslosing__15__.Atage18,childrennolongerqualifyforfostercareandmustbeginto__16__themselves.Thisisabitterrealityforachildatage16,__17__onewhohasneverreallyfound__18__fromahome.
Deonisnowpairedwithalovingfamilysimply__19__JenniferLoomistookabetterphotoofhim.ShehascompletelychangedDeon's__20__andt
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