外事外交礼仪与文化.docx
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外事外交礼仪与文化.docx
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外事外交礼仪与文化
外事外交礼仪与文化
ProtocolforModernDiplomatsandEtiquetteforSomeWesternCountries
PengfeiWang
Contents:
Introduction...
............................................................................................................
I.InternationalCulture............................................................................................
AddressingOthers
Introductions
Titles
II.MissionCulture............................................................................................
BeforeArrival
ArrivingatPost
Welcoming
MakingCalls
CallingCards
ResponsibilitiesatPost
Hierarchy
III.HostCountryCulture......................................................................................
SocialRedFlags
BeingaGuest
Resources
IV.Entertaining......................................................................................................
WhomtoInvite
InformalEntertaining
FormalEntertaining
V.Dress..........................................................................................................
Formal“BlackTie”or“WhiteTie”
Semi-formal/Informal
Casual
MedalsandDecorations
Summary.....
.................................................................................................................................................GlossaryofDiplomaticTerms
INTRODUCTION
Fewthingsareasanxietyprovokingforthefirst-timeembassyormissionemployeeorfamilymemberasthenotionofdiplomaticprotocol.Protocolcansoundbothstuffyandmysteriousatthesametime;andmostofusbelievewehavehadlittleexperienceinournon-governmentlivestoprepareus.Infact,therulesandprocessesofdiplomaticprotocolarebasedinpragmaticthinking,commonsense,andgoodmanners—areaswhereweallhavehadsomeexperience.
Protocolmakesthejobofrepresentingournationeasierbyfacilitatingourworkasamissionteam,makingourrelationshipsandinteractionswithinthediplomaticandhostcountrycommunitiesmorepredictable,andbyprovidingabasicsocialframeworkandhierarchytofollow.Thisbookletisdesignedtohelpyoubegintomasterthebasicsofdiplomaticprotocol.
Whetheryouareanemployeeorspouse,havefewrepresentationalresponsibilitiesorarerunningyourpost’sprotocoloffice,thisbookletisagoodstartingpointforyou.Thebooklet'sfourmainsectionsdealwithinternationalculture,missionculture,thehostcountryculture,andentertaining.
I.INTERNATIONALCULTURE
Atgatheringsthatincluderepresentativesfromthehostcountryaswellasfromothercountries,thetimelessformalityofinternationaldiplomaticcultureremainsinplace.Itensuresthateachcountrywillberespecteduniformlyandwithoutbias.Thenecessaryrespectisexpressedmostvisiblythroughspokencourtesies.Belowaresometipsonhowtoaddressandintroducediplomaticrepresentatives.
AddressingOthers
Althoughguidelinesexist,properformsofaddressvarygreatlyfromculturetoculture.Besuretochecklocalcustoms,butafewgeneralrulesfollow.
ThespiritofformalityamongdiplomaticrepresentativesusuallymeansnotaddressingothersbytheirfirstnamesasquicklyasisdoneintheUnitedStates.Oneshouldrelyoncourtesytitlesuntilinvitedtodootherwise.Socially,onecanrefertoaspousebyhis/herfirstnameoras"myhusband,"or"mywife"ratherthanas"Mr./Mrs.Smith."Whendealingwithhouseholdemployeeshowever,youshouldstillrefertoyourspouseas"Mr./Mrs.Smith."AmbassadorsareaddressedasMr./MadamAmbassadororAmbassadorJones.Onlybyspecialinvitationorlongfriendshipshouldoneaddressanambassadorbyfirstnameandthenonlywhennotinthepubliceye.Inindirectaddress,refertotheambassadoras"theambassador",withhis/herspouseas"theambassadorandMr./Mrs.Jones,"orifthe
ambassador'sspouseisawomanwhokepthermaidennameaftermarriage,"theambassadorandhiswife,Ms.Smith."AnambassadoroftheUnitedStatesmaycontinuetobeaddressedas"Mr./MadamAmbassador"afterretirementorafterreturningfromhis/herdutiesabroad.
InsomeFrench-speakingcountries,thewifeoftheambassadormaybereferredtoasMadamAmbassador.Therefore,inthosecountries,refertoafemaleambassadorbyherlastname(AmbassadorJones)toavoidconfusionandensurethatshereceivesherduerespect.
ThoseofrankbelowAmbassadorareaddressedasMr.,Ms.orMrs.,ifmaritalstatusisknown.WhenreferringtoaU.S.post,"theEmbassyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica"ispreferredover"theAmericanEmbassy."AsreferencestoAmericacanbeambiguous,especiallyintheWesternHemisphere,avoidusingtermssuchas"Americanambassador"or"Americancitizen."Similarly,tobeclearandtoavoidoffendingothersbysuggestingthattheUSconstitutestheentirecontinentuse"UnitedStates"inallreferencestothiscountry.
MakingIntroductions
Thepurposeofmakingintroductionsistoexchangenamesbetweenpeoplesothataconversationcanfollow.Foraformaloccasion,thetraditional"Mrs.Smith,mayIpresentMr.Jones?
"isusedinternationally.Forlessformaloccasionssimplystatingthetwonames,"Mrs.Smith,Mr.Jones,"isacceptable.Makingpersonalintroductions(i.e.,introducingoneself)isperfectlyacceptableandencouraged.Addingcontextaboutyourselfandyourroleishelpful.Forexample,"Hello,I'mZhangXiao,ViceConsulattheEmbassyofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainCanada."
InEnglish,theaccepted,formalresponsetoanyintroductionis,"Howdoyoudo?
"Informally,asmile,"Hello,"or,"It'snicetomeetyou,"arefine.Otherlanguageshaveveryparticularphrases,sobesuretolearnthemuponarrivingatpost.
Whenmakingintroductions,honorisrecognizedbythenamespokenfirst.Courtesygiveshonortothosewhoareolder,higherinrank,titled,haveaprofessionalstatus,orarefemale.
Tomaketheintroductionsmorepleasant,telleachindividualabitofinformationabouttheother.Thisencouragestheconversationtocontinue.Astheydowhenawomanenterstheroom,menshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoawoman.Insomecountries,amankissesamarriedwoman'shand.Menalsorisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherman.Womenshouldrisewhenbeingintroducedtoanotherwomanforwhomshewishestoshowgreatrespect,suchasthehostess,averydistinguishedwoman,ormucholderwoman.Insomecountries,womenrisewhenintroducedtoallothers.
Throughouttheworld,greetingandleave-takingcustomsmayincludehandshakes,salutatorygesturesorotherspecificexpressions.Ifthereissuchatradition,useitwithhostcountrynationals,foreignersandfellowstaffmembers.Failuretoabidewithtraditionmaybeinterpretedasrudenessoralackofrespectforcolleagues.
Thebestandmostcourteouswaytohandlerecognizingsomeonewithoutrecallinghisorhernameistomentionyournameagain.Forexample,"Goodevening,I'mJimSmith.Wemetrecentlyattheambassador'shome.I'mpleasedtoseeyouagain."Morethanlikely,he/shewillreintroducehimself/herself.Startingfromtheassumptionthathe/shemayalsonotrememberyournamecouldsavebothofyoupotentialembarrassment.
Titles
Formsofaddressforforeigngovernmentofficialsandpeopleholdingprofessional,ecclesiastical,ortraditionaltitlesvaryamongcountries.Thecorrectlocalusagecanbeverifiedatpost.FollowingaretitlesforU.S.andsomeforeignofficialsthatarewidelyusedinbothspokenandwrittenaddress.Itisappropriatetobeginlettersandrefertoothersdirectlyandindirectlywiththefollowingtitles.
DiplomaticTitles
ChiefsofMission
•Mr./MadamAmbassador(thisalsoappliestoanambassadorwithamilitarytitle),orAmbassadorReed.*
•SirRichard—Britishambassadorwhoisaknight(SirRichard'swifewouldbeaddressedas"LadySmith.")
•LordMontgomery—Britishambassadorwhoisabaron
•Mr./Mrs.DouglasorMs.Williams—theambassador'sspouse
Chargéd'Affaires
•Mr./Ms/Mrs./MadamRandal
MinistersandOthers
•Mr./MadamTaylor
*Specialnoteshouldbemadeofhowtoaddressambassadors.Overtheyears,andrecentlyaswell,therehasbeendiscussionabouttheuseofthehonorifictitleofAmbassadorbyformerambassadors,boththosewhoremainactiveintheForeignServiceandthosewhoareretired.Foryears,regulationshaveforbiddenthisusageunlessactuallyinthejobofambassadororforthosefewwhoretiredwiththepersonalrankofcareerAmbassador.Forcurrentemployees,long-standingcustomandpractice,however,hasestablishedacleartraditionthatpersonswhohaveservedasambassadormaycontinuetousethetitleaftersuchserviceinappropriatecommunicationswithothers,maybereferredtoincommunicationsandconversationsbythetitleofAmbassador,andmaybeintroducedtopublicaudiencesbythetitle.
IntheStates,TheForeignAffairsDepartmenthasalsoclarifiedtheuseofthetitleforpersonswhohaveretiredfromtheForeignServiceorleftgovernmentservicewhoservedasambassadorafterSenateconfirmation.Anamendmenttothevariousregulationspermitstheuseofthetitle,“Ambassador,Retired,”forallsuchpersons.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesdoesnotusetheterm,"Excellency,"somecountriesdowhenreferringtoambassadors.Evenifthehostcountryusestheterm"Excellency,"Americanchiefsofmissioninthosecountriesareaddressedas"Mr./MadamAmbassador"byU.S.citizens.ForeignchiefsofmissionwhoareaccreditedtotheUSarealsoreferredtoasambassadors.
GovernmentTitles
Inmostcases,thespouseofagovernmentofficialdoesnotsharetheofficial'stitlewithhis/herspouse(i.e.,thePresident'sspouseisMr./Mrs.WashingtonorMs.Lincoln).
ExecutiveBranch
•Mr./MadamPresid
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- 外事 外交 礼仪 文化