The Body Language in Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际中的身体语言.docx
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The Body Language in Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际中的身体语言.docx
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TheBodyLanguageinInterculturalCommunication跨文化交际中的身体语言
TheBodyLanguageinInterculturalCommunication
跨文化交际中的身体语言
Abstract
Asacommunicativetool,languageisveryimportantinmanysituations.However,bodylanguagealsotakesacomplementaryroletohelppeopletransferinformationtoimprovecommunication,whichwillbeanindispensablepowertobreakuplanguageobstaclesininterculturalcommunication.Inthe21stcentury,astheeconomicandculturalexchangingofallcountriesbecomesmoreandmorefrequent,thereappearmoreobstaclescausedbythedifferencesoflanguageandculture.Ininterculturalcommunication,oneofthemostusefulwaystodealwiththeobstaclesistomasterthemeaningofbodylanguage.However,evenifweunderstandthemeaningofsomegeneralbodylanguage,therearealsosomedifficultiestomaster.Becauseeventhesamebodylanguagehavegreatdifferencesindifferentcouturebackground.Usingbodylanguageswronglynotonlymakesyoufailininterpersonalcommunications,whichwouldcauseconflictininternationalcommunication.Sowhatarethedifferencesofthesamebodylanguageindifferentcountry?
Howtoapplybodylanguagecorrectly?
Inthisessay,afterborrowingandstudyingtheexperienceoftheforefathers,theauthoranalyzesthevarioususagesandfunctionsofbodylanguageindifferentculturebackground.
KeyWords
Bodylanguage;interculturalcommunication;culturaldifference
摘 要
语言是一种交流工具,但是起辅助作用的身势语在人类交流中也起着不可忽视的作用。
在跨文化交际中它帮助人们传情达意,突破语言障碍,促进交流。
21世纪,随着国际经济文化交流的加深,由于语言,文化的差异而产生的障碍随时都可能存在,在跨文化交际中,消除障碍的最有效的方法就是了解身势语的含义。
然而即使我们对常用的身势语有所了解,我们仍然面临着一些困难,身势语含义千变万化,即使同一身势语在不同的文化背景都有不同的含义。
错误地用身势语不仅会使我们在跨文化交际中失败,而且会造成和外国朋友之间的冲突,所以怎样正确地使用身势语,怎样理解身势语的差异都非常重要,该篇论文中作者在借鉴前人成果的基础上分析了各种身势语在不同文化背景下的用法和功能。
关键词
身势语;跨文化交际;文化差异;
Introduction
Inmodernsociety,mostcountriesintheworldcommunicatewitheachotherfrequently,atthesametime,thepeoplespeakingdifferentlanguageshavedifferentculturalbackground,wayofliving,faithofreligion, personalvaluesandsoon,whichtakeintervenetothecommunicationofpeoplecomingfromdifferentcountry.
WhenaChinesemeetanAmericanfriend,wouldthekissingeachotherbeoffensivefortheChinese?
Iftwoyoungfriendsofthesamesexwalkwiththeirarmsaroundeachother’sshoulderswouldthisberegardedasbeingproperbyEnglish-speakingpeople?
Doesnoddingheadmean‘yes’andshakingmeans‘no’inallcultures?
I’mafraidnobodycangiveapositiveornegativeanswerabouttheabovequestions.becausethesamebehaviorindifferentculturehasdifferentmeanings.Languageisanimportanttoolininterculturalcommunication,butnottheonlycommunicatingmeans,whenpeopletalkwitheachother,therealwaysaccompanywithsomegesturesandposes,whichwecallbodylanguage,whichiscomposedofbodydistance,facialbehavior,eyescontactandsoon.Sothestudyofbodylanguageshouldnotonlybethecomplementarytothestudyoflanguagebutalsocanhelpusgooutofmisunderstandingzoneininterculturalcommunication.
Thetraditionalcultureandnationalspiritofeverynationcomeoutfromspecificcultureenvironment,wecan’tcopysimply.Wemustunderstandthespecificmeaningundertheirbackgroundofculturefirstly,andthenwecanunderstandthemeaningofbodylanguageunderdifferentculturebackground
Ⅰ.SomeInformationaboutBodyLanguage
Whentalkingaboutbodylanguage,peopleoftenthinkaboutstanding,sitting,andlying.Infactpeoplecanmakeover1000kindsgestures.Thecommonlyusedbodylanguagesincludeeyecontact,physicalcontact,sound,facialbehaviorandsoon.Westernscholarshavemadealotofdefinitionsaboutit,themostvividandspecificdefinitionisthatbodylanguageisthenon-verballanguagewhichcanexpressinformationthatlanguagecannotexpressandtheactionsmostpeoplecanunderstand.Bodylanguageisthecomplementaryoflanguage,anditcooperateswithlanguagetoexpressinformationmoreaccurately.
A.FunctionsofBodyLanguage
Althoughlanguageisachieftooltohelppeoplecommunicate,yetbodylanguagecan’tbereplacedbyverballanguage,especiallyininterpersonalcommunication.Thestudyofpsychologyshowswhentwopeopledoface–to-facecommunication,morethan50%informationofcommunicationarefinishedbymutebodylanguage.Moreover,bodylanguageisinternational,sopeoplecomingfromdifferentcountriescancommunicatewitheachotherbybodylanguageeveniftheycan’tspeakeachother’slanguage.someonefindthatthetimeofamanonanaveragetalkingwiththeotherseachdaytakesup10%ofhistotalcommunicatingtimewithothers,atthesametime,whenpeoplecommunicatewithothers,theyalwayscommunicatebybodylanguagenowandthen.Sometimespeopleevenfindbodylanguagecanexpressallinformation.(Zhaoyanping,56)
B.TheImportantRoleofBodyLanguageinCommunication
Mr.Freudhadeversaidthat“nobodycankeepsecretcompletely,ifhislipkeepsilenthewilltalkbyhisfinger,everygestureofhisbodywillbetrayhim”.(ClaireKramsch,102).Hiswordsmainlyexplaintheimportantfunctionofgesturesduringconversation.Afamouspsychologisthaveeveradvancedaformula:
emotionexpression=7%language+39%voice+83%expressionbehavior,(CaoHejian,56)whichalsoillustratedtheimportantroleofbodylanguageininterpersonalcommunication.Somescholarsthinkitisnotonlytheindispensablecomplementoflanguage,butalsomutuallydependentoneachother.Languageisthecomponentpartsandcarrierofculture.Studyingandunderstandingbodylanguageishelpfultostudylanguageofforeigncountriesandavoidmistakingininterculturalcommunication.
C.NecessitiesofStudyingBodyLanguageinInterculturalCommunication
Withthefurtheropeningtotheoutsideworld,moreandmorepeoplegoabroadorstayinmotherlandtogoinfortheworkofinterculturalcommunication.Ininterculturalcommunicationpeopleoftenfeelconfusedandbaffledbecausetheycan’timmergeintothesamebackgroundofcultureandthenresultinfailureincommunication.
This“bodylanguage”justlikeverballanguageisalsoapartofculture.Thespecificmeaningsofbodylanguageoriginatefromspecificculturebackground.peoplecantakeadvantageinconversationifonlytheymasteritwell.Inmostsituations,noddingone’sheadmeansagreement–‘yes’.Wavinganoutstretchedhandwithopenpalmisthegesturefor‘goodbye’.Leaningbackinone’sseatandyawningatatalkorlectureshowslackofinterest,boredom.Themeaningsofthesegestureshavecometobeacceptedbymostpeople,atleastbyChineseandAmericans.Butthesamegestureorbodylanguageshavedifferentmeaningindifferentbackgroundofculture.Evennoddingtheheadmayhaveadifferentmeaning.ToNepalese,SriLankan,someIndiansandsomeEskimositdoesn’tmeans“yes”but“no”.Soifsomebodywantstosucceedininternationalbusiness,iftheywanttohaveagoodpersonalrelationshipwiththeforeignfriends,andiftheywanttogooutofmistakingzone,theymustlearnandmasterthepracticalskillofdealingwithpeoplecomingfromdifferentbackgroundofculture.Becausebodylanguageisoneofthemostusefulwaystosalvetheproblemsmentionedabove.
Ⅱ.TheRelationshipbetweenBodyLanguageandCulture
Likeverballanguage,bodylanguageisalsoapartofculture,whichhasgreatinfluenceonthemeaningofbodylanguage;thesamebodylanguagealsohasgreatdifferenceindifferentculturebackground.Sobeforelearningandstudyingbodylanguagepeoplemustunderstandtheimportantrelationshipbetweenbodylanguageandcultureinintercommunication.Becausebothbodylanguageandculturearepassedfromonegenerationtothenextgenerationnaturally,whicharecommonhabitsofspecificsociety,formedbyyears.
Bodylanguageandcultureareinseparable,theformingofbodylanguageisdecidedbyacertainculturebackground,therelationshipbetweenthemiscloseandcomplicated.peoplecanknowandunderstandtheculturalvalueandexcludethenarrowfeelingofculturalsuperioritybystudyingtheactionofbodylanguage,andatthesametime,theycanguesspeople’sgestureorbodylanguagebyknowingtheirculture.Themostdifficultandmeaningfulthingsofstudyingbodylanguageistosolvethecultureconflicts.Peoplealwayspaymoreattentionandshowmoresensibilitytotheothernations’bodylanguagethantotheirown.Themisuseofbodylanguagecantakemoreseriousconflictsthanculturecantake,andifthespeakersspeakothernation’slanguagefrequentlybutuseimproperbodylanguage,whichmeanstheytakemoreseriousmistakebecausebodylanguagestandformotionexpression.
Samovarthinkspeoplemustkeepsomeprinciplesintheirmindtosolvetheconflictbetweenbodylanguageandcultureininterculturalcommunication.Firstly,peoplecan’tforgetthereareseveralnon-verbalbehaviorsactingtogetheratthesametimeandusebodylanguagetocooperatewithverballanguageduringcommunication.Secondly,peoplecannotrememberthemeaningsofallkindsofbodylanguage,butiftheycancorrectlydistinguishthemandrememberthemeaningsofsomeoftenusedbodylanguage,alsocanhelpthemunderstandeasilyduringcommunication.Thirdly,andthemostimportantthingistounderstandcorrectlythenon-verbalbehavioroftheirownculture.However,theculturedifferencestakemanyobstaclestopeopleduringinterculturalcommunication.Ifpeoplewanttousebodylanguageproperlytheyshouldlearnandrememberalotaboutthewaysaboutbodylanguageusingindifferentculture.(Samovar,45)
Ⅲ.AnalysisonSomeCommonlyusedBodyLanguageinInterculturalCommunication
Therearemanybodylanguageswithvariousmeaning,andsomeofthemarecommoninpeo
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