限定词讲义.docx
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限定词讲义.docx
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限定词讲义
Determiner(限定词)
限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。
英语的限定词包括:
冠词(the,a,an)、
物主限定词(my,your,his,her,our,your,their,one’s,its)
名词属格(Sophie’s,myfriend’s)
指示限定词:
this,that,these,those,such
关系限定词:
whose,which
疑问限定词:
what,which,whose
不定限定词:
no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another
基数词:
one,two,…
序数词:
first,second…
倍数词、分数词
量词:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof等。
专业四级主要考点:
限定词与限定词之间的搭配关系。
即如果在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。
按其不同的搭配位置,限定词分为前位限定词、中位限定词和后位限定词。
前位限定词包括all,both,half,double,倍数词、分数词、what、such(a/an)等。
中位限定词包括:
冠词、指示限定词、物主限定词、名词属格;some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough;what(ever),which(ever),whose.
后位限定词包括:
基数词、序数词;next,last,other,another,etc;many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,less,least,more,most;several,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof;such等
前位——中位——后位
allthefourteachers
allyourthreebooks
alltheselastfewdays
halfhislecture
thoselastfewmonths
severalhundredguests
allotherstudents
suchamisfortune
somesuchalloy
练习:
1.Theadditionalworkwilltake()weeks.
A.theotherB.anotherfiveC.otherfiveD.themore
2.Hediditin()timeittookme.
A.theone-thirdB.halfaC.thedoubleD.one-thirdthe
3.Isaw()boysatthecinema.
A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral
4.()candidatesaregirls.
A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa
5.Hewasonleave()days.
A.thefewlastB.fewanotherC.fewotherD.thelastfew
6.()friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.
A.HissomeB.HismanyC.ManyhisD.Somehis
7.Pleaseserveme()soup.
A.moresomeB.thelessC.moretheD.somemore
8.()alloymaybeusedtoreplacecopper.
A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch
9.Pleasesend()samplestoLondonbyair.
A.theseenoughB.fivetheseC.enoughtheseD.thesefive
10.Areyougoingtobuy()rice?
A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese
11.Theywantatleast()salaries.
A.theirdoubleB.doubletheirC.enoughtheirD.theirenough
12.()dictionaryisenoughforme.
A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha
13.()factorsshouldbeconsidered.
A.TheseallB.SuchallC.AllsuchD.Somethese
14.()eveningshedidenjoyhimeselfimmensely.
A.ThefirstfewB.ThefewfirstC.ThefirstsomeD.Somethefirst
15.()meatistainted.
A.Thatone-thirdB.One-thirdthatC.SuchaD.Fewsuch
16.()boyswereintheclassroom.
A.AllfiveotherB.OtherallC.AllthemoreD.Alltheotherfive
17.Hehasbeenstayingathome()days.
A.thesealllastfewB.theselastfewall
C.alltheselastfewD.theselastallfew
真题:
1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?
(2008)
A.Allhislectureswereboring.
B.Halfhismoneywasgone
C.Herfewfriendsareallfondofdancing
D.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty
2.Anewlaptopcostsabout()ofasecond-handone.(2009)
A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimestheprice
C.asmuchasthethreetimesprice
D.threetimesmorethantheprice
从属结构(限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句、独立结构)
1.()mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.
AHeisremembered
BToremember
CWhileremembering
DThoughremembered
2.Thepolicy()made,thenextproblemwashowtocarryitout.
AhavingbeenBbeingChadbeenDwas
3.Weather(),we’llgoforanouting.
AbeingpermittedBpermittedCpermittingDpermits
4.()theopportunity,hemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.
AGivenBTogiveCGivingDBeinggiven
5.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,()insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.
A.havingconsideredB.wasconsidered
C.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsidered
6.()inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.
A.ThegirltobeeducatedB.Thegirleducated
C.Thegirl’sbeingeducatedD.Thegirlwaseducated
7.Nomatterhowfrequently(),theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.
A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed
8.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys()togotoschool.
A.tobeencouragedB.beenencouragedC.beingencouragedD.beencouraged
9.()theirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.
A.TohavereviewedB.HavingreviewedC.ReviewingD.Beingreviewed
10.Ifthebuildingproject()bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.
A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completed
11.()intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.
A.BeingthefourthbiggestcityB.Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity
C.OncethefourthbiggestcityD.Thefourthbiggestcityitwas
12.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,()spoiltones.
A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don’tcountD.havingnotcounted
13.()atinhisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemtodesperate.
A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolook
ProfessorJohnsonissaid()somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.
A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake
14.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce()nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.
A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired
15.()nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisroom.
A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.Therebeing
16.Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighbouringcountry,()bythepoliceeachtime.
A.hadbeencapturedB.beingalwayscaptured
C.onlytobecapturedD.unfortunatelycaptured.
17..Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience()onbenches,chairsorboxes
A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.havingbeenseated
18“Howdidthegroupimproveitsdiscussion”“Theyalltookpart,eachmember()theresponsibilityofleadingonemeeting.”
A.havingBtohaveC.hashadD.has
19.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo()bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.
A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecorded
C.unrecordingD.tohavebeenuncorded
20..It’snouse()withher.Youmightaswell()withastonewall.Sheisincapableofseeinganyoneelse’spointofview.
A.arguing;arguingB.argue;argue
C.toargue;arguingD.arguing;argue
21.Thenaughtygirlsaidtoherparentsthatshewantedtobeagoodgirlandsetherheart()atrailofherown.
A.toblazingB.toblazeC.blazedD.blaze
22.Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom().
A.withabookinhandB.handwithabook
C.beingwithabookinhandD.tohaveabookinhand
23.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously()nopointinstaying.
A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having
24.Themotherdidn’tknowwho()forthebrokenglass.
A.blamedB.wouldblameC.toblameD.beblamed
25.Herushedintotheroom,hisface()withsweat.
A.drippingB.drippedC.beingdrippedD.wasdripping
限定分句真题归纳:
()dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.(2006)
A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However
Theparty,()Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.(2006)
A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich
Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan()(2007)
A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin
()hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignments.(2008)
A.MuchthoughB.MushasC.AsmuchD.thoughmuch
未完待续
倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
英语最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。
倒装有两种。
将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(completeinversion)。
Herecomesthebus!
只将助动词、情态动词移至主语之前,如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,叫做部分倒装(partialinversion)。
Atnotimewastheentranceleftunguarded.
2完全倒装(completeinversion)
Then () the Civil War.
A. did follow B. followed
C. does follow D. following
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。
Theregoesthebell.
Thencamethechairman.
Hereisyourletter.
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.
Aheadsatanoldwoman.
注意:
上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
例如:
Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.
3部分倒装(partialinversion)
1) Whycan’tIsmokehere?
Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknow B.manknow C.didn’tmanknow D.didmanknow
▲句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
3)Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebegan B. hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D. hadthegamebegun
▲以否定词开头作部分倒装
如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than,前一部分倒装。
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.
Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.
4)DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?
---Idon’tknow,_____.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso
▲so,neither,n
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