12 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees Geneva 28 July 1951.docx
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12 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees Geneva 28 July 1951.docx
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12ConventionRelatingtotheStatusofRefugeesGeneva28July1951
CONVENTIONRELATINGTOTHESTATUSOFREFUGEES
Preamble
TheHighContractingParties,
ConsideringthattheCharteroftheUnitedNationsandtheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsapprovedon10December1948bytheGeneralAssemblyhaveaffirmedtheprinciplethathumanbeingsshallenjoyfundamentalrightsandfreedomswithoutdiscrimination,
ConsideringthattheUnitedNationshas,onvariousoccasions,manifesteditsprofoundconcernforrefugeesandendeavouredtoassurerefugeesthewidestpossibleexerciseofthesefundamentalrightsandfreedoms,
Consideringthatitisdesirabletoreviseandconsolidatepreviousinternationalagreementsrelatingtothestatusofrefugeesandtoextendthescopeofandtheprotectionaccordedbysuchinstrumentsbymeansofanewagreement,
Consideringthatthegrantofasylummayplaceundulyheavyburdensoncertaincountries,andthatasatisfactorysolutionofaproblemofwhichtheUnitedNationshasrecognizedtheinternational-scopeandnaturecannotthereforebeachievedwithoutinternationalco-operation,
ExpressingthewishthatallStates,recognizingthesocialandhumanitariannatureoftheproblemofrefugees,willdoeverythingwithintheirpowertopreventthisproblemfrombecomingacauseoftensionbetweenStates,
NotingthattheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesischargedwiththetaskofsupervisinginternationalconventionsprovidingfortheprotectionofrefugees,andrecognizingthattheeffectiveco-ordinationofmeasurestakentodealwiththisproblemwilldependupontheco-operationofStateswiththeHighCommissioner,
Haveagreedasfollows:
CHAPTERIGENERALPROVISIONSArticle1.-Definitionoftheterm";refugee";
A.ForthepurposesofthepresentConvention,theterm"refugee,,shallapplytoanypersonwho:
(1)HasbeenconsideredarefugeeundertheArrangementsof12May1926and30June1928orundertheConventionsof28October1933and10February1938,theProtocolof14September1939ortheConstitutionoftheInternationalRefugeeOrganization;
Decisionsofnon-eligibilitytakenbytheInternationalRefugeeOrganizationduringtheperiodofitsactivitiesshallnotpreventthestatusofrefugeebeingaccordedtopersonswhofulfiltheconditionsofparagraph2ofthissection;
(2)AsaresultofeventsoccurringbeforeIJanuary1951andowingtowell-foundedfearofbeingpersecutedforreasonsofrace,religion,nationality,membershipofaparticularsocialgrouporpoliticalopinion,isoutsidethecountryofhisnationalityandisunable,orowingtosuchfear,isunwillingtoavailhimselfoftheprotectionofthatcountry;orwho,nothavinganationalityandbeingoutsidethecountryofhisformerhabitualresidenceasaresultofsuchevents,isunableor,owingtosuchfear,isunwillingtoreturntoit.
Inthecaseofapersonwhohasmorethanonenationality,theterm"thecountryofhisnationality"shallmeaneachofthecountriesofwhichheisanational,andapersonshallnotbedeemedtobelackingtheprotectionofthecountryofhisnationalityif,withoutanyvalidreasonbasedonwell-foundedfear,hehasnotavailedhimselfoftheprotectionofoneofthecountriesofwhichheisanational.
B.
(1)ForthepurposesofthisConvention,thewords"eventsoccurringbeforeIJanuary1951"inarticle1,sectionA,shallbeunderstoodtomeaneither(a)"eventsoccurringinEuropebeforeIJanuary1951";or(b)"eventsoccurringinEuropeorelsewherebeforeIJanuary1951";andeachContractingStateshallmakeadeclarationatthetimeofsignature,ratificationoraccession,specifyingwhichofthesemeaningsitappliesforthepurposeofitsobligationsunderthisConvention.
(2)AnyContractingStatewhichhasadoptedalternative(a)mayatanytimeextenditsobligationsbyadoptingalternative(b)bymeansofanotificationaddressedtotheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.
C.ThisConventionshallceasetoapplytoanypersonfallingunderthetermsofsectionAif:
(1)Hehasvoluntarilyre-availedhimselfoftheprotectionofthecountryofhisnationality;or
(2)Havinglosthisnationality,hehasvoluntarilyreacquiredit;or
(3)Hehasacquiredanewnationality,andenjoystheprotectionofthecountryofhisnewnationality;or
(4)Hehasvoluntarilyre-establishedhimselfinthecountrywhichheleftoroutsidewhichheremainedowingtofearofpersecution;or
(5)Hecannolonger,becausethecircumstancesinconnectionwithwhichhehasbeenrecognizedasarefugeehaveceasedtoexist,continuetorefusetoavailhimselfoftheprotectionofthecountryofhisnationality;
ProvidedthatthisparagraphshallnotapplytoarefugeefallingundersectionA(I)ofthisarticlewhoisabletoinvokecompellingreasonsarisingoutofpreviouspersecutionforrefusingtoavailhimselfoftheprotectionofthecountryofnationality;
(6)Beingapersonwhohasnonationalityheis,becausethecircumstancesinconnectionwithwhichhehasbeenrecognizedasarefugeehaveceasedtoexist,abletoreturntothecountryofhisformerhabitualresidence;
ProvidedthatthisparagraphshallnotapplytoarefugeefallingundersectionA(I)ofthisarticlewhoisabletoinvokecompellingreasonsarisingoutofpreviouspersecutionforrefusingtoreturntothecountryofhisformerhabitualresidence.
D.ThisConventionshallnotapplytopersonswhoareatpresentreceivingfromorgansoragenciesoftheUnitedNationsotherthantheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesprotectionorassistance.
Whensuchprotectionorassistancehasceasedforanyreason,withoutthepositionofsuchpersonsbeingdefinitivelysettledinaccordancewiththerelevantresolutionsadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations,thesepersonsshallipsofactobeentitledtothebenefitsofthisConvention.
E.ThisConventionshallnotapplytoapersonwhoisrecognizedbythecompetentauthoritiesofthecountryinwhichhehastakenresidenceashavingtherightsandobligationswhichareattachedtothepossessionofthenationalityofthatcountry.
F.TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallnotapplytoanypersonwithrespecttowhomthereareseriousreasonsforconsideringthat.
(a)Hehascommittedacrimeagainstpeace,awarcrime,oracrimeagainsthumanity,asdefinedintheinternationalinstrumentsdrawnuptomakeprovisioninrespectofsuchcrimes;
(b)Hehascommittedaseriousnon-politicalcrimeoutsidethecountryofrefugepriortohisadmissiontothatcountryasarefugee;
(c)HehasbeenguiltyofactscontrarytothepurposesandprinciplesoftheUnitedNations.
Article2.-Generalobligations
Everyrefugeehasdutiestothecountryinwhichhefindshimself,whichrequireinparticularthatheconformtoitslawsandregulationsaswellastomeasurestakenforthemaintenanceofpublicorder.
Article3.-Non-discrimination
TheContractingStatesshallapplytheprovisionsofthisConventiontorefugeeswithoutdiscriminationastorace,religionorcountryoforigin.
Article4.-Religion
TheContractingStatesshallaccordtorefugeeswithintheirterritoriestreatmentatleastasfavourableasthataccordedtotheirnationalswithrespecttofreedomtopractisetheirreligionandfreedomasregardsthereligiouseducationoftheirchildren.
Article5.-RightsgrantedapartfromthisConvention
NothinginthisConventionshallbedeemedtoimpairanyrightsandbenefitsgrantedbyaContractingStatetorefugeesapartfromthisConvention.
Article6.-Theterm";inthesamecircumstances";
ForthepurposesofthisConvention,theterm"inthesamecircumstances,,impliesthatanyrequirements(includingrequirementsastolengthandconditionsofsojournorresidence)whichtheparticularindividualwouldhavetofulfilfortheenjoymentoftherightinquestion,ifhewerenotarefugee,mustbefulfilledbyhim,withtheexceptionofrequirementswhichbytheirnaturearefugeeisincapableoffulfilling.
Article7.-Exemptionfromreciprocity
1.ExceptwherethisConventioncontainsmorefavourableprovisions,aContractingStateshallaccordtorefugeesthesametreatmentasisaccordedtoaliensgenerally.
2.Afteraperiodofthreeyears'residence,allrefugeesshallenjoyexemptionfromlegislativereciprocityintheterritoryoftheContractingStates.
3.EachContractingStateshallcontinuetoaccordtorefugeestherightsandbenefitstowhichtheywerealreadyentitled,intheabsenceofreciprocity,atthedateofentryintoforceofthisConventionforthatState.
4.TheContractingStatesshallconsiderfavourablythepossibilityofaccordingtorefugees,intheabsenceofreciprocity,rightsandbenefitsbeyondthosetowhichtheyareentitledaccordingtoparagraphs2and3,andtoextendingexemptionfromreciprocitytorefugeeswhodonotfulfiltheconditionsprovidedforinparagraphs2and3.
5.Theprovisionsofparagraphs2and3applybothtotherightsandbenefitsreferredtoinarticles13,18,19,21and22ofthisConventionandtorightsandbenefitsforwhichthisConventiondoesnotprovide.
Article8.-Exemptionfromexceptionalmeasures
Withregardtoexceptionalmeasureswhichmaybetakenagainsttheperson,propertyorinterestsofnationalsofaforeignState,theContractingStatesshallnotapplysuchmeasurestoarefugeewhoisformallyanationalofthesaidStatesolelyonaccountofsuchnationality.ContractingStateswhich,undertheirlegislation,arepreventedfromapplyingthegeneralprincipleexpressedinthisarticle,shall,inappropriatecases,grantexemptionsinfavourofsuchrefugees.
Article9.-Provisional
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