高一英语五大句型句子成分分析与训练无答案.docx

高一英语五大句型句子成分分析与训练无答案.docx

《高一英语五大句型句子成分分析与训练无答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高一英语五大句型句子成分分析与训练无答案.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高一英语五大句型句子成分分析与训练无答案

句子成分分析

一、概述

英语中，最简单的句子由主语、谓语构成，根据谓语动词性质，可以衍生出五种基本的句子。

其中谓语是句子中的心脏，不可或缺。

（一）主语的类型

1.名词或名词短语充当主语

Thebooksareonthedesk.

Johnworkshard.

Goldisofgreatvalue.

2.代词充当主语

Healwayskeepshispromise

Itisinterestingtoclimbmountains

3.不定式充当主语

Tostudyabroadismygreatestdesire.

TogotoJapanforavisitismyplanforthisyear.

4.动名词充当主语

Seeinghimmakesmeangry.

Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies.

Listeningtomusicmakesmehappy.

5.疑问词+不定式充当主语

wheretomeethimisnotdecidedyet.

whattodoisnotdecided.

6.from+地点名词+to+地点名词充当主语

FromBeijingtoShanghaiisabout1000kilometers.

7.句子充当主语

whetherhecanjoinusisaproblem.

Thathedoesn'tstudymakesmeangry.

Wherehelivesisstillindoubt.

（二）谓语由动词充当

1.不及物动词

2.系动词

3.完全及物动词

4.不完全及物动词

5.授予动词

二、由不同谓语类型所构成的五种基本句型

（一）主语+系动词+表语（主语补足语）

1.be动词，be动词后面的表语有十一种；

Heisastudent.

Thegirlissocute.

Mydreamistobeateacher.

MyjobisteachingEnglish．

Thechairisyours.

Katewashereyesterday.

Sheisintheroom.

Thebooksareonthedesk.

Theproblemiswhetherhecanjoinus.

ThequestionisWhentosetout.

Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.

Thestoryisinteresting.

Iaminterestedinthestory.

Thebookisofgreatvalue.

Themachineisofnouse.

2.become，接名词或是形容词作表语；

Shebecameateachertwoyearsago.

Hebecameangry.

Youwillbecomeagoodstudentifyoustudyhard.

Sheisbecomingmoreandmorecharming.

3.turn，通常只接与颜色或心情有关的形容词作表语；

Theleavesturnsgreen.

Herfaceturnedred.

Theleaveswereturningyellow.

HisfaceturnedredwithangerwhenhesawMary.

4.get，通常接表示生气或激动的形容词作表语；

Hegotmad.

Pleasedon’tgetangry。

Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.

5.感官动词look、sound、smell、taste、feel等，通常接形容词作表语；

Youlooksfunny.

Hisideasoundsgood.

Thefoodsmellsgood.

Ittastesspicy.

Itfeelscold.

Ifeelterrible．

（2）主语+谓语（完全不及物动词，不用加宾语意思就很完整）

1.Somethingwashappening.

2.Helaughed.

3.Shesmiled.

4.Theydiedinanaccident.

5.Heleftbecausehedidn'twanttoseeMaryagain.

（3）主语+谓语（完全及物动词）+宾语

1.Hedidnotbuythatcar.

2.Ihatehim.

3.Iwanttoseehimnow.Ihopetostudyabroadsomeday.

4.Heconsideredstudyingabroad.

5.Ionceimaginedgettingonadatewithhim.

6.Iavoidedseeinghimagain.

7.Theysuggestputtingoffthegame.

8.Ienjoydancing.

9.Ipractiseplayingthepianoeveryday.

10.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowforme?

11.Iknowhowtohandletheproblem.

12.Idon'tknowwhomtotalkto.

13.Ibelievethatheisamanofhisword.

14Theyfeelthatitisimpossibletowinthegame.

14.Idon'tknowwhetherthetyphoonwillcome·

15.Idon'tknowwherehelives.

（4）主语+谓语（不完全及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语

不完全及物动词，加了宾语意思还不完整，还要加宾补

1.HemadeMaryhappy·

2.HemadeMarycleanthewindow.

3.Weelectedhimchairmanofthecommittee.

4.Igothimtowashthecar.

5.Ilethimwashthecar.

6.Iforcedhimtorecitethelesson.

7.Iaskedhimtowritetheletter.

8.Hetoldmetofinishtheworkbyten.

9.Isawhimdance.

10.IsawhimdancingwhenIwalkedin.

11.Ithinkitfuntoclimbmountains.

12.Ifinditnecessarytodothiswork.

13.Ibelieveitworthwhiletostudyhard.

14.Ideemitanhonortogivethisspeech.

（5）主语+谓语（双宾动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语

1.Iwillgiveyouthiswatch.

2.Pleaselendmeyourbook．

3.Theyboughthimthatcar.

4.Iaskedhimaquestion.

5.Itoldhimalie.

不定式、动名词作宾语&不定式、现在分词作宾语补足语

1、不定式、动名词作宾语

（一）不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语式考试中的常考点，且知识点众多，例如：

trytodosth,asktodosth等等，记忆起来十分繁琐，现分析讲解如下：

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：

要求选择同意（ask,choose,agree），

期望决定学习（expect,hope,decide,learn），

宁可假装知道（prefer,pretend,know），

希望想要愿意（wish,want,wouldlike/love）。

1）Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.

2）Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.

3）I'dlovetovisitMexico.

2.动词feel,find,make,think等后面，用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。

如：

Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.

（二）接动名词作宾语

除不定式作宾语外，动名词作宾语也是常考点，例如：

enjoydoingsth,practisedoingsth等等，初中常考的词有：

finish，enjoy，mind，miss，beworth，bebusy，practice，havefun，havetrouble/problem（in），spend...（in），feellike，beusedto（习惯于），giveup，keepon，consider，suggest，can’thelp

可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：

完成实践值得忙（finish，practice，beworth，bebusy）

继续习惯别放弃（keepon，beusedto，giveup）

考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’thelp，feellike）

喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）

（三）接不定式或动名词都可以，但意思差别很大的动词

后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有：

1.forget&remember后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生

2.stoptodo停下来做另外一件事，todo是目的状语；

stopdoing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语

3.trytodo尽力做，

trydoing试试看；

4.goontodo接着做另外的事

goondoing继续做原来的事

二、不定式、现在分词作宾语补足语

（一）不定式作宾语补足语（asksbtodosth,tellsbtodosth）

要求允许提议（ask,allow,,advise）

期望邀请鼓励（expect,,invite,encourage）

教导告诉想要（teach,tell,want）

等待希望愿意（waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love）

（2）主动语态里省略to的情况

一感觉：

feel，

一注意：

notice

二听：

hear,listento

三让：

have,let,make

四看：

lookat,observe,see,watch

半帮助：

help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。

1）theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.

2）UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.

1）Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited！

2）WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.

（三）在第二点中动词后也可以用V-doing来做宾语补足语二者的区别是：

用现在分词，强调动作正在进行；用不定式则表示一般的动作或一个动作自始至终的全过程。

1）Iwatchedthemclimbthetower.

2）Iwatchedthemclimbingthetower.

基础

1.Isawher_______whenIcameintotheclassroom.

A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.cries

2.TheteachertoldXiaoMinglateforschoolagain.

A.nottobeB.notbeC.don’tbeD.notto

3.Thechildrenareoftenaskedloudlyinthelibrary.Theymustkeepquiet.

A.tospeakB.notspeakC.don’tspeakD.nottospeak

4.MissGaoaskedLinTaototheblackboard.

A.tocomeB.comesC.comingD.came

5.Shewouldnotlethimanyhouseworkatall.

A.todoB.doC.doingD.does

6.11.Tomaskedhismother_________andplaybasketball.

A.lethimgoB.tolethimtogoC.lethimtogoD.tolethimgo

7.Atlast,Imadetheboy________andbegantolaugh.

A.stoptocryB.tostopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stopcrying

8.I'dlikemygoodfriend______tomyhometomorrow.

A.comeB.comesC.comingD.tocome

9.Willyouhelpme__________thismorning?

A.dothewashB.todothewashC.dothewashingD.doingthewashing

10.Theyheardher_____inthenextroomjustnow.

A.tosingB.singC.singsD.sang

11.Hurryup!

Weshouldn’tkeepourteacher__________fortoolongtime.

A.waitingB.waitedC.waitingD.towait

12.Theygotupearlytoseethesun___________.

A.riseB.toriseC.risesD.rose

提高

（）1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.

A.don’tB.notC.willnotD.notto

（）2.Mymotheroftentellsme_______somanymistakes.

A.nottomakeB.tonotmakeC.don’tmakeD.notmake

（）3.Tellhim_______thewindow.

A.toshut（关）notB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut

（）4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

（）5.MrsSmithwarned（警告）herdaughter________afterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdrive

C.neverdrivingD.neverdrive

（）6.Thedoctoraskedthepatient____richfoodaftertheoperation（手术）.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

（）7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked

（）8.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.

A.goB.wentC.isgoingD.goes

（）9.Heoftenmakeshislittlesister_____,

A.cryB.cryingC.criedD.tocry

（）10There’resomanykindsofnewbikesonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind_____tobuy.

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

（）11.Hecan’tdecide______tostayornot.

A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill

（）12.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot_______.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoff

C.toturnitoffD.turneditoff

（）13.Weagreed_________here.

A.metB.meetingC.tomeetD.meet

（）14.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.

A.makefriendwithB.makefriendsof

C.makefriendsD.makefriendswith

（）15.Goon________theotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.

A.todoB.doingC.doesD.did

（）16.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock

A.restedB.restingC.torestD.rest

（）17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentbecausehewasafraidof____hisjob.A.loseB.toloseC.losingD.lost

（）18.Ineedadayortwo________.

A.tothinkitoverB.tothinkoverC.ofthinking

（）19.Hewastooexcited_________.

A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking

（）20.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.

A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.foreating

（）21.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.

---Whynot_______byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogo

C.totryandgoD.trygoing

（）22.Iaskedhimto_______meafewminutessothatwecouldgooveralltheproblems.

A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share

（）23.Theywon’tlethismother_______himinthatway.

A.totreatB.treatedC.treatD.treats

（）24.I’msorryIforgot______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing

（）25.Shecouldn’tdecidewhichrestaurant_______.

A.tohavelunchB.toeat

C.toeatatD.eatingat

（）26.Don’tforget_________theletter.

　　A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.sent

（）27.Thechairlooksveryold,Iwantanewone_________.

　　A.sitB.tositonC.satD.siton

（）28.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?

　　A.thisB.thatC.itD.which

（）29.I’mafraidtheywouldnotallow（允许）him________here.

　　A.tosmokeB.smokingC.