Colonial Period.docx
- 文档编号:27719404
- 上传时间:2023-07-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:22.50KB
Colonial Period.docx
《Colonial Period.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Colonial Period.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ColonialPeriod
LiteratureoftheAmericanColonialPeriod(1607—1765)
Frommyyearsyoungindaysofyouth,
GoddidmakeknowntomeHisTruth,
Andcall’dmefrommynativeplace
FortoenjoytheMeansofGrace.
InwildernessHedidmeguide---WilliamBradford
I.HistoricalBackground
1.Settlement---Theresultofreligiousmotivesand
mercantilemotives
1)In1492,ChristopherColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica.
2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean.
3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.
4)ExceptforCentralAmericannatives’documents,nowritingsfromNorthAmericabeforecolonization
5)WithEuropeanscameslaughter,slavery,diseaseslethaltoNatives
⏹Between1492and1617,NativeAmericanpopulationwasreducedto10%oforiginalnumbers
⏹Bytheendofthe17Century,NativepopulationinSoutherncolonieswentfrom200,000tolessthan60,000
EuropeannationscametotheAmericastoincreasetheirwealthandbroadentheirinfluenceoverworldaffairs. TheSpanishwereamongthefirstEuropeanstoexploretheNewWorldandthefirsttosettleinwhatisnowtheUnitedStates.By1650,however,EnglandhadestablishedadominantpresenceontheAtlanticcoast.ThefirstcolonywasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607. ManyofthepeoplewhosettledintheNewWorldcametoescapereligiouspersecution.ThePilgrims,foundersofPlymouth,Massachusetts,arrivedin1620. InbothVirginiaandMassachusetts,thecolonistsflourishedwithsomeassistancefromNativeAmericans. NewWorldgrainssuchascornkeptthecolonistsfromstarvingwhile,inVirginia,tobaccoprovidedavaluablecashcrop. Bytheearly1700senslavedAfricansmadeupagrowingpercentageofthecolonialpopulation.By1770,morethan2millionpeoplelivedandworkedinGreatBritain’s13NorthAmericancolonies.
⏹他们双膝跪下,感激上帝带他们越过了浩瀚汹涌的大洋,把他们从危险和苦难中解救出来,使他们安全无恙地又一次踏上了坚实的大地……
---威廉·布雷德福总督,1620,11
⏹Althoughwehaveourdifferences,weareallGod’schildrenandassuchwebebutspecksinthevastnessofthisocean,butpreciousuntoourLordandtogetherwearevoyagers,pilgrims,andlooktoThineinfinitemercyandprovidence.
---WilliamBradford,ontheMayflower
⏹我们将成为整个世界的山巅之城(acitysetuponahill),全世界人民的眼睛都将看着我们。
如果我们在实现这一事业的过程中欺骗了上帝,如果上帝不再像今天那样帮助我们,那么我们终将成为世人的笑柄。
---约翰·温思罗普
People:
⏹nativeinhabitants:
Indians
⏹ImmigrantsmostlyfromEurope:
Spanish;Dutch;French
⏹Englishimmigrants,Jamestown,Virginia,1607
VariousReasonsofthefirstsettlers’ArrivaltoAmerica
⏹toworshiptheGodintheirownway;
⏹toescapereligiouspersecutioninEngland;toseekfortune;
⏹tofindaparadise/ToseekanewGardenofEden
⏹topurifytheChurchofEngland
⏹tobuild“CityofGodonearth”
DoctrinesofPuritans
→Originalsin(原罪)---Humanbeingswereborntobeevil.“InAdam’sfall,wesinnedall.”
→totaldepravity(人类是完全堕落的)
→Predestination(命运天定)---Goddecideseverythingbeforethingsoccur.“Godisall,andmanisnothing.”
God’select (上帝的选民)
HumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod’schosenpeoplewhileotherswerepredestinedtobedamnedtohell.Thesuccessofone’sworkortheprosperityinhiscallinggivenbyGodwasthesignofbeingGod’select.Therefore,everyonemustworkhard,spendlittleandinvestformorebusiness.Workinghardandlivingamorallifeweretheirethics.TheyregardedBibletobetheauthorityoftheirdoctrine.TobeabletoreadtheBibleandunderstandGod’swill,educationwasessentialforPuritans.
→limitedatonement(有限救赎)
→perseveranceofsaints(圣徒的坚忍)---OnceSaved,AlwaysSaved
⏹所以,让我们选择生活,
⏹这样,我们和我们的后代,
⏹可以聆听上帝的声音,
⏹永不离开上帝,
⏹因为上帝是我们的生命,
⏹和我们的兴旺所在。
-----约翰·温思罗普
Puritanism
→AmericanPuritanismwasareligiousreformmovementthatarosewithintheChurchofEnglandinthelatesixteenthcentury.ItwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.
→Puritanisminfluencethestyleofliterature:
simple,freshanddirect.WithoutunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenogoodunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.
FeaturesofAmericanPuritanism
WhataretheinfluencesofAmericanPuritanismonAmericanLiterature?
⏹EnduringshapinginfluenceofPuritanismonAmericanliterature---BasisofAmericanliterature
Dreamedoflivingunderaperfectorder
Workedwithcourage
HopedtobuildanEdenofGardenonearth
Facedtheworstoflifewithoptimism
Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.
⏹ContributingtothedevelopmentofSymbolism(象征主义)
Symbolismmeansusingsymbolsinliteraryworks.Thesymbolmeanssomethingthatrepresentsorstandsforabstractdeepmeaning.
TheInfluenceonAmericanSpirit
→Puritanvalues:
⏹Hardwork,thrift,andpiety/loyalty.
⏹IndividualismandAmericanDream
⏹Optimism
⏹Fullofadventuresandchanges
⏹Rejectedseekingpleasure
⏹Regardedjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin
II.FeaturesoftheColonialLiterature
⏹ThefirstAmericanliteraturewasneitherAmericannorrealliterature.
⏹TypesofWriting:
Diary,history,journal,letter,narrative…
⏹ItwasnotAmericanbecauseitwastheworkmainlyofimmigrantsfromEngland.
⏹Itwasnotintheformofpoetry,essayorfiction,butthemixtureoftravelaccountsandreligiouswritings.
III.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets
⏹South,Jamestown,Virginia
CaptainJohnSmith
⏹North,NewEngland,PuritanWriters
WilliamBradford,JohnWinthrop
⏹TwoPoets
AnneBradstreet,EdwardTaylor
OverviewoftheLiterature
Typesofwriting
Writers
Diaries
AnneBradstreet
Histories
EdwardTaylor
Journals
RogerWilliams
Letters
JohnWoolman
Travelbooks
ThomasPaine
Autobiographies/
biographies
PhilipFreneau
CaptainJohnSmith
⏹CaptainJohnSmith(c.January1580–21June1631):
---“thefirstAmericanauthor”
⏹An English soldier, explorer,andauthor.
⏹Hewasconsideredtohaveplayedanimportantpartintheestablishmentofthefirstpermanent Englishsettlement inNorthAmerica.
⏹HewasthefirstEnglishexplorertomaptheChesapeakeBayareaandNewEngland.
⏹HisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation’sliterature.HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland.
⏹Smith’sbooksandmapsareconsideredextremelyimportantinencouragingandsupportingEnglishcolonizationofthe NewWorld.Hegavethename NewEngland totheregionandnoted:
“Hereeverymanmaybemasterandownerofhisownlaborandland...Ifhehasnothingbuthishands,hemay...byindustryquicklygrowrich.”
WhenJamestownwasEngland’sfirstpermanentsettlementintheNewWorld,Smithtrainedthesettlerstofarmandwork,thussavingthecolonyfromearlydevastation.Hepubliclystated“hewhoshallnotwork,shallnoteat”.ThisstrengthofcharacteranddeterminationovercameproblemspresentedfromthehostilenativeAmericans,thewildernessandthetroublesomeanduncooperativeEnglishsettlers.
ATrueRelationOfSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiawasalongreportrecordingwhathesawandheardintheNewWorld,whichhesentbacktoEnglandandwasprintedin1608withouthisknowledge.
WilliamBradford(1590-1657)
⏹FirstgovernorofPlymouth,heservedasPlymouthColony Governor fivetimescoveringaboutthirtyyearsbetween1621and1657.
⏹HewasanEnglish Separatist leaderin Leiden, Holland andin PlymouthColony wasasignatorytothe MayflowerCompact.
⏹ Hisjournal,OfPlymouthPlantation,coveringtheperiodfrom1620to1657inPlymouthColonyisanimportanthistoricdocument,simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.
JohnWinthrop (1587–1649)
⏹FirstgovernorofBoston
⏹AwealthyEnglish Puritan lawyer
⏹Oneoftheleadingfiguresinthefoundingofthe MassachusettsBayColony
⏹Thefirstmajorsettlementin NewEngland after PlymouthColony.
⏹WinthropledthefirstlargewaveofmigrantsfromEnglandin1630,andservedasgovernorfor12ofthecolony’sfirst20yearsofexistence.
⏹HiswritingsandvisionofthecolonyasaPuritan“cityuponahill”dominatedNewEnglandcolonialdevelopment,influencingthegovernmentandreligionofneighboringcolonies
⏹AModellofChristianCharity
⏹TheHistoryofNewEngland
JohnCotton(1585–1652)
⏹HewasaclergymaninEnglandandtheAmericancolonies.
⏹HewasthefirstmajorintellectualspokesmanoftheMassachusettsBayColony.
⏹Hewascall“ThePatriarchofNewEngland”.
⏹Followingfiveyearsofstudyat TrinityCollege,Cambridge,andanothernineyearsat EmmanuelCollege,Cambridge,hehadalreadybuiltareputationasascholarandoutstandingpreacherwhenheacceptedthepositionofministerat SaintBotolph’sChurch in Bostonin1612.
⏹ThoughhefelttheEnglishchurchneededsignificantreforms,heneverthelesswasadamantaboutnotseparatingfromit;hispreferencewastochangeitfromwithin.
⏹By1632,however,theAnglicanchurchhadgreatlyincreaseditspressureonthenon-conformingclergy,andCottonwasforcedtogointohiding.ThefollowingyearheandhiswifeboardedashipforNewEngland.
⏹FromthetimehecametoBostonin1633,hewasthe“teacher”(thatis,thespiritualleader)ofthecommunity,anditsguidinginfluencetowardtheidealoftheocracy.(神权政治)---astateruledbythechurch
RogerWilliams(1603–1683)
⏹HewasthefounderofthecolonyofRhodeIslandinAmericaandpioneerofreligiousliberty
⏹HewasanEnglishProtestanttheologianwhowasanearlyproponentof religiousfreedom andthe separation
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Colonial Period