学年高中英语unit1greatscientistsperiodonewarm.docx
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学年高中英语unit1greatscientistsperiodonewarm.docx
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学年高中英语unit1greatscientistsperiodonewarm
Unit1Greatscientists
AlbertEinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.Whenhewasaboy,helikedtoaskquestions.Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold,hehadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.Hewantedtobeaphysicistanddevotehimselftoabstract(抽象的)research.
However,hisfamilycouldnotpayfortheadvancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.Buthisparentsdidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.Aftergraduation,hewenttowork.Withthepaythathereceived,hewaslaterabletogoonwithhiseducationattheUniversityofZurich,wherehereceivedadoctor’sdegreein1905.Thiswastheperiodwhenhefirstbegantheresearchandstudieswhichledtohisfamous“TheoryofRelativity”.
Einsteincaredlittleformoney.Heoncerefusedtospeakontheradiofor
1,000aminute.Anothertimehewasseenusingacheckfor
1,500asabookmark.Thenhelostthebook!
Besideshisworkinphysics,hespentmuchtimeworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.
Likemanyscientists,Einsteinlovedmusic;heplayedtheviolinfairlywell.InPrinceton,helivedquietly,workingattheinstituteandenjoyinghimselfbyplayinghisviolininhissimplehome.Oftentherewerevisitorslikethetwelveyearoldgirlwho,foratime,formedthehabitofvisitinghimonherwayhomefromschool.Aftersometime,thepuzzledmotherofthegirlmetDr.Einsteinandaskedhimwhatheandherdaughtertalkedabout.Thedoctorsmiledandexplained,“Oh,shebringsmecookies,andIdoherarithmetic(算术)homeworkforher.”
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.
阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)
1.WhenAlbertEinsteinwasveryyoung,hisfamilywasveryrich.( F )
2.Einsteinlikedmusicandoftenenjoyedhimselfbyplayingtheviolin.( T )
PeriodOne WarmingUp&Reading—Prereading
匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1.expert A.vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
2.physicianB.n.爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)
3.exposeC.adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的;n.专家;行家
4.cureD.n.治愈;痊愈;vt.治愈;治疗
5.outbreakE.n.医生;内科医师
答案 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B
[第二组]
6.challengeA.n.受害者
7.victimB.vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
8.absorbC.vt.认为;怀疑;n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
9.suspectD.n.挑战;vt.向……挑战
10.enquiryE.n.询问
答案 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.E
[第三组]
11.severeA.n.柄;把手;vt.处理;操纵
12.pumpB.vt.预见;预知
13.foreseeC.vt.命令;指示;教导
14.handleD.n.泵;抽水机;vt.(用泵)抽(水)
15.instructE.adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的
答案 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.
B.JohnSnowwasawellknowndoctorinLondon.
C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.
D.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”.
答案 D
2.Readthepassageandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Para.1 A.Offersolutions
Para.2B.Outbreakofcholera
Para.3C.Providetwocontroltheories
Para.4D.Collectinformation
Para.5E.Collectresults
Para.6F.Analysetheresults
Para.7G.Findsupportingevidence
答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D Para.4 E Para.5 F Para.6 G Para.7 A
Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.
1.WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow’sdiscovery?
A.Thegovernment.
B.ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.
C.Thewatercompany.
D.Themapmadebyhimself.
答案 D
2.Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby.
A.usingmedicinesinhospital
B.drivingpatientsoutofthecountry
C.dealingwiththepollutedwater
D.gettingridofallkindsofpollution
答案 C
3.HowmanypeoplediedperdayonaverageinthetwostreetswhereJohnSnowgatheredinformation?
A.Over500.B.Over100.
C.Over50.D.Over25.
答案 C
4.WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?
A.Choleramultipliedinthewater.
B.Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
C.Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.
D.Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.
答案 B
Afterreadingthepassage,pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.
JohnSnow,awellknowndoctorinLondon,became1.inspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho2.wereexposed(expose)tocholera,a3.deadly(dead)diseaseofhisday.Manythousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak4.becausenooneknewthecauseofit.JohnSnowwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hegotinterestedintwotheories5.explaining(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelieved6.inthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeople7.absorbed(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854,whenanotheroutbreakhitLondon,hewasready8.totest(test)thetwotheories.9.Withthehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas10.toblame(blame).
1.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。
Hebecameinterestedintwotheories是主句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词theories;how引导的从句作explained的宾语。
[自主翻译] 他对霍乱致人死亡的两种推测很感兴趣。
2.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。
主干部分是Awomanlikedthewater,为主谓宾结构。
who引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰Awoman;fromthepump为介词短语作定语,修饰thewater;so...that...为结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”;句中haditdelivered...中的delivered作宾语补足语,意为“让别人送水”,此处it指代thewaterfromthepump。
[自主翻译] 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水,每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。
3.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句,动词不定式作目的状语;that引导的是宾语从句,作suggested的宾语,此处suggest为“建议”的意思,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,本句中从句谓语动词用了原形动词,省略了should。
[自主翻译] 为了防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Since2000,we’vegottenmanywonderfulthingslikesmartphonesanddriverlesscars.Butwhataboutwhatwe’velost?
Let’slookatthefollowingthings.
Calculators
Theyareliketinycomputerswhoseonlyjobistodomath.Thatisliterallyalltheydo.Sure,theycouldmakesomeamusingswearwords.8008lookslikeBOOB.Andtypein7734andthenturnthecalculatorupsidedownanditlookslikeHELL.Butyoudefinitelycouldn’tgettheweatheroryouremail.
Thebusysignal
Backinthedaysoflandlines,callingsomebodyandgettingabusysignalusedtobeannoying.Buttoday,inanageofdigitalphones,we’dgiveanythingtohearabusysignal,becauseifyouhearone,youhavesomesolidinformation.Thepersonyouaretryingtoreachishome,justonanothercall.Goingstraighttovoicemailcanmeananything.Butthatbeepbeepbeepisareasonforhope!
Computerlabs
Inhighschoolsandcollegesinthepast,therewasaspecificroomwheretheykeptallthecomputers.Nobodyhadhisorherowncomputer.Backthenthatwasasabsurdassaying“Icouldflycommercial,butIprefertoflymyownplane.”Soyouwenttotheseroomsandusedoneofthecomputers,andthenyouleftandyoudidn’thaveaccesstoacomputeragainuntilyouwentbacktothatroom!
Nowadayseveryonehashisorherowncomputer.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。
随着科技的进步,许多东西已经不适合这个时代了,文章介绍了其中三件几乎已经过时的东西。
1.Calculatorsarerejectedmainlybecause.
A.theyarenoteasytokeep
B.theyhaveonlyonefunction
C.theyarenotofgoodquality
D.theyhavethewrongweatherreport
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段的介绍可知,计算器只有计算功能,偶尔可以用来拼写几个有趣的脏话。
除此之外,别无他用。
由此可知,功能单一是计算器被淘汰的理由。
故选B项。
2.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?
A.Peoplelikedtotravelbyairinthepast.
B.Fewpeoplehadtimetojokewitheachother.
C.Fewpeoplelikedtouseacomputerthen.
D.Nostudenthadapersonalcomputerthen.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Inhighschoolsandcollegesinthepast...Nobodyhadhisorherowncomputer.”可知,那个时候,没有学生拥有私人电脑。
故选D项。
3.Whatdothethreethingshaveincommonaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theyhavenearlybecomeoutofdate.
B.Theyhavebeenhitechproducts.
C.Theyhavehelpeddeveloptheeconomy.
D.Theyhavepromotedmoderntechnology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
文章介绍的这三件东西都是几乎已经过时的东西。
故选A项。
B
MadameCurie,theyoungestofthefivechildren,wasborninWarsaw,Polandin1867.MarieCurie’smaidennamewasManya.Herparentswereteachers,andshelearnedtheimportanceofeducationataveryearlyage.NohighereducationwasofferedtowomeninPolandatthattime,soManyatookajobasatutor.ShesentpartofherincometoParistohelppayforhereldersister’smedicalstudies.Hersisterqualifiedasadoctorandmarriedafellowdoctorin1891.ManyawenttojoinedtheminParis,changinghernametoMarie.
SheenteredtheSorbonne(nowtheUniversityofParis)andstudiedphysicsandmathematics,graduatingatthetopofherclass.Fortheresearchshewantedtodo,shewasintroducedtoanotheryoungscientist,PierreCurie.Later,theyfellinlovewitheachother.
AftershewasrewardedtheNobelPrize,fametroubledMarieCurieandalsoherhusband,becausesciencewastheirworldandinthisworldofscience,fameandhonortopersonshadnovalue.OnedaywhenawriterforanewspapertriedtoaskMarieaboutherself,herthoughtsandherbeliefs,sheansweredhim,“Insciencewemustbeinterestedinthings,notinpersons.”Muchoftherealcharacterandspiritofthisunusualwomanwasfoundinthesefewwords,whichshewaslateroftentorepeat.Oneevening,atabigparty,afriendaskedifshewouldliketomeettheKingofGreece,whowasalsoaguest.Sheansweredinhersimplemanner,“Idon’tseethevalueofit.”Then,seeingthatshehurtthefeelingofherfriend,shequicklyadded,“But...but...ofcourse,Ishalldowhateveryouplease.Justasyouplease.”
语篇解读 居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。
本文简要介绍了她在成为科学家前后的生活。
从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。
4.WhatdidMarieCurieoncedotohelppayforhereldersister’smedicalstudies?
A.Shewasateacher.
B.Shewasadoctor.
C.Shewasatutor.
D.Shewasawaitress.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第四句和第五句可知,居里夫人曾经做过家庭女教师,并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。
5.WhatwasvaluabletoMarieCurie?
A.Scienceandresearch.
B.Fameandhonor.
C.Characterandspirits.
D.Personsandthings.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段首句可推知,居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究,名利对他们来说没有任何价值。
6.Thewriterforanewsp
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