最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx
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最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案
最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.
Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.
Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.
Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.
TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.
GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.
TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.
JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"over-publicizing"it.
Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.
Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.
(1)WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?
A. Demonstratingspacetechnology.
B. Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.
C. Collectingwastesexistinginspace.
D. Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.
(2)HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?
A. Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.
B. Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.
C. Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.
D. Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sponsor"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A. Accomplish.
B. Support.
C. Oppose.
D. Provide.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfect
B. HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLab
C. WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented
D. SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。
”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网,模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中“...,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
可知,theRemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.“该公司表示,一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网,这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。
它可以瞄准大块的垃圾,包括长达10米的报废卫星。
”可知,RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.“Aglietti说,他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次,目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。
可知,“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。
”可知,划线词的意思是“支持”。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的”Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.“专家告诉CNN,本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。
它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。
可知,本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.
TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.
JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.
Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."
Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
(1)Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?
A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.
B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.
C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
(2)WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
B. Theytendtolivelonger.
C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases. D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?
A. Sloweddown.
B. Goneupwards.
C. Changedtothecontrary.
D. Cometolifeagain.
(4)WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.
B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上,伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"可知,这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高,得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知,身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期,乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加;以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中,随着身高的下降。
可知,reversed的意思是"反转"。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来的几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
可知,他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
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