形容词和副词的比较等级.docx
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形容词和副词的比较等级.docx
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形容词和副词的比较等级
形、副词的比较等级
(一)形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.一般情况,直接加er,est/r,st
2.最后一个音节是以重读闭音节,辅+元+辅结尾的,要双写最后一个字母加er,est
3.“辅+y”结尾,变y为i加er,est (但“形+ly”构成的副词除外)
4.以不发音字母“e”结尾的,直接加-r或-st.
5.在多音词前加more,most(以“形+ly”构成的副词也在前加more,most)
6..以—ing或-ed结尾的形容词,前面加more或most变比较级和最高级
B、不规则变化 原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther further
farthest furthest
另外:
1)以-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词加er,est/r,st.
narrow________ ________
simple_________ _________
able_______ _______
2)tired__________ __________
pleased___________ ____________
3)often________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
注意:
1.在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg.Lilyismythebestfriend.(改错)________
2.形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:
ill;alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised).副词作状语,修饰动词。
练 习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin____ ____ easy_____ ______
early______ ______new______ ______
hot______ ______clever_____________
little_____ ______late_____ ______
narrow____________fat_____ ______
many______ _____big_____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful__________ ___________
careful__________ ____________
slowly__________ ____________
popular__________ ____________
famous__________ ____________
tall ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ slow ﹍﹍﹍﹍small ﹍﹍﹍﹍fast ﹍﹍﹍﹍smart ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ few ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍nice ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ fine ﹍﹍ ﹍large ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
late ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ brave ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ pretty ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
easy ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ funny ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍happy ﹍﹍
lazy ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍heavy ﹍﹍﹍﹍ dirty ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
dry ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ early ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ busy ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
slim ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ hot ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ big ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
thin ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ fat ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ wet ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
beautiful ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
interesting ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
important ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
dangerous ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
expensive ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
polite ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
careful ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
exciting ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
bad/badly/ill ﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ little﹍﹍ ﹍﹍
many/much﹍﹍ ﹍﹍ old ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
far ﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍
(二)形容词和副词级的用法
原级:
(1)原级的基本用法
句型:
主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象 (前者与后者一样...)
主语+...not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象 (前者不如后者那么....)
The coat is as old as that one .
The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .
(2)原级的特殊用法
1)表示"是....的几倍".
句型:
.....times +as +原级 + as ....
This house is three times as largeas that one .
He can run five three times as fast as his brother.
2)表示"...的一半...".
句型:
.....half as +原级 + as ...
My money is not half as much as yours.
3)表示"尽可能......".
句型:
.....as + 原级 + as possible/one can.
We should get up as early as possible/we can
比较级的用法:
形容词比较级用于表示两者或两部分之间进行比较。
常用为“形容词比较级+than”
如:
Theflowersaremorebeautifulthanthoseonthedesk.
使用中,常在比较级前用much,even,yet,still,alittle,abit,alot等词进行程度上的修饰。
如:
Mydaughterisalittletallerthanhis.
要表示“…比…多…倍”,用“倍数+比较级+than”句型来表达。
Thesunisamilliontimeslargerthantheearth.
英语中还有两个重要的句型使用比较级:
1.表示“越来越…”使用“比较级+比较级”句型;
2.表示“越…就越…”使用“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型。
如:
Itgetshotterandhotter.
Themorecarefulyousee,thelessmistakesyou’llmake.
在比较中,还要注意参与比较的两者或不能互相包含。
如:
I’mbetterinEnglishthananystudentsinourclass.(错误。
因为我也是我们班的学生之一,我不能比自己好。
)
I’mbetterinEnglishthananyotherstudentinourclass(正确)
最高级的用法
最高级用于表示三者或三者以上的多数之间进行比较,最高级前面要加定冠词,后面一般要跟表示范围的表达。
如:
TheGreatWallisthelongestwallinourclass.
使用中我们还要用到这样的表达:
“最…之一”;“第几…最…”;在最高级前进行程度修饰等,我们可以用“oneof+the+最高级”,“the+序数词(very等置于the之后)+最高级”或用much,even等词(置于the之后)来修饰。
Mr.Smartisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.
形容词和副词的比较等级特殊情况
常有一些特殊现象它们多是常考点及易错点现将其归纳总结如下:
一、同级比较的特殊点在as...as结构中,若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词时,不定冠词a/an应置于形容词和名词之间,不可放在形容词之前。
例如:
她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。
误:
Sheisasagoodteacherasyourfather.
正:
Sheisasgoodateacherasyourfather.
二、比较级的特殊句型
1.“the比较级ofthetwo”表示“两者中较„„的一个”。
例如:
WangGangisthetallerofthetwoboys.
2.“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越„„”
注意多音节形容词或副词用“moreandmore多音节形容词或副词原级”。
例如:
Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.
Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.
3.“The比较级+(句子)„„,the比较级(句子)„„”,表示“越„„越„„”。
例如:
Thebusierheisthehappierhefeels.
三、最高级的特殊句型
1.“oneofthe最高级复数名词”表示“最„„之一”。
例如:
Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.
2.“the序数词最高级单数可数名词”表示“第几„„”。
例如:
TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverofChina.
3.当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时其前不加the若两个最高级并列使用后一个最高级前也可以不加the。
例如:
Heisourbestfriend.LiuFangistheyoungestandshortestgirlinourclass.四、级与级之间的转换
1.原级与比较级转换的常见句型
①notso……/as+单音节形容词或副词+as
=单音节形容词或副词的反义词的比较级+than。
例如:
Tomisnotso/astallasJohn.=TomisshorterthanJohn.
②notso/as+多音节形容词或副词+as=less+多音节形容词或副词原级+than。
例如:
TomisnotsoascarefulasMary.=TomislesscarefulthanMary.
2.比较级间的转换常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词或副词的反义词。
例如:
JohnisyoungerthanBill.=BillisolderthanJohn.
LiMeicomesearlierthanMaHongeveryday.
=MaHongcomeslaterthanLiMeieveryday.
3.比较级转换为最高级的常见句型
①比较级+than+anyother+单数名词。
例如:
ZhangLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.
=ZhangLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.
②比较级+than+theother+复数名词。
例如:
Mikeisyoungerthantheotherboysinhisclass.
=Mikeistheyoungestboyinhisclass.③比较级thananyoneelse。
例如:
MrSmithisfatterthananyoneelseinhisoffice.
=MrSmithisthefattestinhisoffice.
(三)相关练习
用所给词的正确形式填空:
1.Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?
2.Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one?
3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters,and she is the _____ (young) child.
6.He is _______ (strong) in the class.
7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary
sings______(well) in her class.
9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
10.This cake is ____ (cheap) of all.
11.The red coat is as_______(long) as the blue one.
12.My sister is not so______(tall) as me/I.
13.Mike does his homework as________(carefully) as Mark.
14.They don't get up as____________(early) as We.
15.He runs as ________(fast) as she.
根据句意,用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空:
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______(fat) than before .
4.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________(tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8.He is one of the_______ __(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small)
thana watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little _________ __ (beautiful) than her sister.
13.My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
14.--How difficult is physics?
--I' m not sure. -- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?
-- I don' t think so.
15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _______(well).
16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
21. Your classroom is __________(wide) and ___________(bright) than ours.
22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is ________ ( important ) than any other subject.
25. Most of the students think a lion is much _____ ___(dangerous) than
a bear and it is the _______ ___ (dangerous) animal in the world.
26. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich)
27. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold)
28.This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)
29. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot)
30. She is a little ____ ____ than her classmates. (careful)
31. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)
32. Which book is ________, this one or that one?
(easy)
33. My room is _______ than yours. (small)
34. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)
35. Skating is ____ ___ than swimming. (exciting)
36. Jim is ____ ___ than all the others. (honest)
37. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)
38. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold)
39. Now his life is becoming ________ and _____ __. (difficult)
40. There are _______ boys than girls in our class. (few)
综合练习:
( )1Bobneverdoeshishomework_____Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.
Asocarefulas Bascarefullyas Ccarefulas Dascarefulas
( )2Ifeel____betterthanyesterday.
Amore Bvery C the Dfar
( )3Chinahasalargerpopulationthan____intheworld.
A.allthecountries B.everycountry C.anycountry D.anyother
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