天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断写作意图题优选习题1216350.docx

天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断写作意图题优选习题1216350.docx

《天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断写作意图题优选习题1216350.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断写作意图题优选习题1216350.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

天津专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断写作意图题优选习题1216350

六、推理判断——写作意图题

（2018·北京，C）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit，butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene，whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours，andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams，oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown，theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini，co-authorofthestudy，saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture，butthebasicbondinpolyethylene，thecarbon-carbonbond，isthereaswell，”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”

JenniferDeBruyn，amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee，whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy，saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies，shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep，DeBruynsays，willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

作者介绍了一项科学发现：

一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句“...foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...”和第二句中的“thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn，thenextstepofthestudyisto.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段最后两句“Thenextstep...Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）？

”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。

选项B“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply‘millionsofworms...’”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。

这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

答案　C

解析　写作意图题。

作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。

选项C与此意吻合。

一、题型解读

各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。

设问形式常有：

1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图：

（1）Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto.

（2）Thepurposeofthetextisto.

（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

（4）Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.

2.某处细节的写作目的/意图：

（1）Thewriteruses...inthefirstparagraphto.

（2）Thewriterusestheexampleof...to.

（3）Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.

二、解题技巧

1.文体特点推意图

（1）记叙文：

一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。

（2）应用文：

文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。

（3）说明文：

写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。

（4）议论文：

提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。

2.看写作手法找答案

（1）在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。

（2）举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow...

例如：

【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。

因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。

A

（2018·天津部分区县二模）

Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?

Thengrabyourhikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyourcircadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.

Thecircadianclock，morecommonlyknownasthebodyclock，isaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit’stimetogotosleepandwhenit’stimetogotowakeup.Scientiststrackthisclockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin（褪黑激素）circulatinginaperson’sbloodatanygiventime.

Inahealthysleeper，melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime，stayhighthroughthenight，andthensettlebackdownwhenit’stimetowakeup.

Inourmodernsociety，however，mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.Andthetroubleis，yourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning，whichleadstogrogginess.Itmayalsohaveotherhealthconsequencesaswell，suchasdiabetes（糖尿病），overweightandheartdisease.

ProfessorKennethWrightoftheUniversityofColoradointheUSwantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature.Histeamrecruited14physicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s.Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip，whiletheotherfivestayedhome.

Attheendoftheweekend，theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays，thecampers’bodyclockshadshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydidbeforetheyleftonthetrip.Bycontrast，thebodyclocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend.

“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast，”Wrightsaid.

Therefore，ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatterns，youcouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturelightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn’twork，there’salwayscamping.

1.Theauthorwrotethisarticlemainlyto.

A.explainwhyitisbadforourhealthnottosleepenough

B.informusofapossiblewaytoadjustthecircadianclock

C.analyzehowthecircadianclockinfluencesoursleepinghabits

D.explorehowthecircadianclockisconnectedwithmelatoninlevels

答案　B

解析　写作意图题。

根据文章内容“Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyourcircadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.”可知，作者写作本文主要是告诉我们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法。

2.Theunderlinedword“grogginess”inParagraph4probablymeans“”.

A.tirednessB.excitement

C.refreshmentD.pressure

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据画线词所在句“Andthetroubleis，yourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning，whichleadstogrogginess.”和第三段内容可知，褪黑激素是促进睡眠的，如果早上闹钟响起而体内褪黑激素依然保持较高水平，那么人应该是会感到疲劳的。

故可推知，“grogginess”指的是“疲劳”。

3.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?

A.Bycategorization.

B.Bycomparison.

C.Bytheorderoftime.

D.Bytheorderofspace.

答案　B

解析　篇章结构题。

根据文章内容可知，作者是将待在室内与待在室外的人进行比较，得出的结论。

bycategorization归类；bycomparison比较；bytheorderoftime按时间顺序；bytheorderofspace按空间顺序。

4.WhatdidWright’steamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment?

A.Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn’tshowmuchdifference.

B.Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedhomeremainedthesame.

C.Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesoverashortperiod.

D.Changestothecircadianclockdon’tnecessarilyaffectmelatoninlevelsinourbodies.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第六段的内容可知，通过对比两组人群的睡眠表现发现，那些待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟。

5.Accordingtothearticle，we’dbettertoimproveoursleepinghabit.

A.spendweekssleepingoutdoors

B.trytoreducemelatoninlevelsatnight

C.setanalarmclocktogooffeverymorning

D.exposeourselvestomorenaturelightinthedayandlessartificiallightatnight

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段可知，我们可以通过待在户外，接触更多的自然光以及夜晚减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯。

B

（2018·河西区一模）

OneeveningIwentoutandleftmy17-year-oldsoninchargeofhis8-year-oldbrotherand4-year-oldsister.Onthisoccasion，theworkwasmadelesstroublesomebythepresenceofhisgirlfriend.Ileftwithcompleteconfidencethattheolderchildrenwoulddoawonderfuljobofbabysittingtheyoungerchildren.Later，IdiscoveredthatcompleteconfidencewasthelastthingIshouldhavelefthomewith.

Ihaddecidedtoreturnhomeearlierthanplannedsothatmysonandhisgirlfriendcouldgoout.Icalledhomewiththishappynews.Butinsteadofhearinghischeerful，gratefulvoiceontheotherendoftheline，allIheardwasthesoundofatelephoneringing.

Itwas，Ishouldpointout，after10p.m.，whenthetwoyoungerchildrenshouldhavebeeninbed，andwhenthetwoolderchildrenshouldhavebeenansweringthephone.“I’llgivehimalesson，”Isaid.Idecidedtheymustbeoutside.Whytheymightbeoutsideat10∶30onawinternight？

Ihadnoidea，butitwastheonlyexplanationIcouldcomeupwith.

Finally，indesperation，Icalledhisgirlfriend’shouse.Afterwhatseemedlikecountlessrings，hisgirlfriendanswered.“Yes，”shesaidbrightly，“He’srighthere.”

Hecametothephone.Iwasnotmyusualcalm，rationalself.Afterall，oneoftherulesofsurvivalformodernparentsisthatyoucan’ttrustmodernteenagers.“Wherearethechildren？

”Isaid.Hesaidtheywerewithhim.Theyhaddonenothingwrong.Mysonhadtakentheyoungerchildrenovertohisgirlfriend’shousejustforicecreamandcake.Thiswastoogoodtobebelieved.Well，itturnedoutthatIshouldn’thavebelievedit.Itwasonlypartofthetruth.

ThefollowingSaturdayeveningwewe