届高考英语专项突破阅读理解科技发展模拟题.docx
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届高考英语专项突破阅读理解科技发展模拟题.docx
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届高考英语专项突破阅读理解科技发展模拟题
2022届高考英语专项突破---阅读理解科技发展模拟题
一、阅读理解
Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday’ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.
Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan’tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,远程定向声波发射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.
Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.
Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.
1.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?
A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.
B.Itslowsdownarunningman.
C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.
D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.
2.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.
A.silencethepeoplearoundyou
B.removethesoundofcommercials
C.blocktheincomingsoundwaves
D.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou
3.Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?
A.Theytravelincircles.
B.Theycleartheatmosphere.
C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.
D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.
4.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.
A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus
B.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage
C.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses
D.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer
5.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?
A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.
B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.
C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.
D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.
Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
7.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
8.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.
9.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.
Oneperiodofourliveswhenbetterresultsaredemandedofusis,strangelyenough,childhood.Despitebeingyoungweareexpectedtoachievegoodgrades,stayoutoftrouble,makefriendsatschool,dowellontests,performchores(家务事)athomeandsoon.It’snoteasy.
Thegoodnewsisthatbeinglikeablecanhelpachildperformbetter.Likeablechildrenenjoymanyadvantages,includingtheabilitytocopemoreeasilywithstressesofgrowingup.InherbookUnderstandingChildStress,Dr.CarolynLeonardstatesthatchildrenwhoarelikeableandoptimisticareabletogainsupportfromothers.Thisleadstofocusandresilience(适应力),theabilitytorecoverfromoradjustearlytolifestress;achildwhohasadequateemotionalarmorcancontinuedownthepathtosuccess.Muchresearchshowsthatresiliencehasenabledchildrentosucceedinschool,avoiddrugabuse,anddevelopahealthyself-awareness.
Whydoesalikeablechildmoreeasilyhandlestressanddobetterinhisorherlife?
Becauselikeabilityhelpscreatewhat’sknownasapositivefeedbackloop(回馈圈).Thepositivefeelingsyouwanttoseeinotherpeoplearereturnedtoyou,creatingconstantencouragementandmotivation,todealwiththedailystressoflife.
Thisfeedbackloopcontinuesintoadulthood.Toreturnonceagaintotheexampleofteaching,learningbecomeseasierwithalikeablepersonality.MichaelDeluecchioftheUniversityofHawaiirevieweddozensofstudiestodetermineiflikeableteachersreceivedgoodratingsbecauseoftheirlikeabilityorbecausetheyinfacttaughtwell.Deluecchifoundthat“studentswhoperceiveateacheraslikeable,incontrasttothosewhodonot,maybemoreattentivetotheinformationthattheteacherdelivers,andthey’llworkharderonassignments,andtheywilllearnmore”.
Youmayhavenoticedthispatterninyourownlifewhenyoutrytogivesomeadvice.Themorepositiveyourrelationshipwiththatperson,themoreheorsheseemstolisten,andthemoreyoufeelcertainthatthatpersonhasheardyouandintendstoactonyourwords.
10.Thewriterimpliesinthefirstparagraphthat________.
A.childrenareexpectedmorethanweusuallythink
B.lifeisnoteasyforeveryoneofus
C.bettereducationresultsinsmarterchildren
D.tobealikeablechildisalmostimpossible
11.AccordingtoDr.Leonard,likeablechildren________.
A.cancopemoreeasilywithstressindependently
B.knowhowtoavoidtroubleandunpleasantevents
C.arealwaysoptimisticandreadytohelpthoseinneed
D.canachievemoreandunderstandthemselvesbetter
12.Theterm“emotionalarmor”inParagraph3means________.
A.mentalsupportfromfriendsB.mentalsupportfromadults
C.failuresinlifeD.abilitytohandlelifestress
13.ThemainpurposeofthestudiesdonebyMichaelDelucchiistofind________.
A.ifalikeableteacherhasapositivepersonality
B.ifalikeableteacherdrawsmoreattention
C.howateacher’slikeabilitygainspopularity
D.howalikeableteacher’steachingstyleisformed
14.Thepassageaimsatprovingthat________.
A.likeablepeopledobetterinlifegenerally
B.likeablepeopledobetterintheirchildhood
C.socialcreaturesenjoyfeweradvantages
D.likeablepeoplegivebetteradvice
Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.Ifyoudon'tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.Butwhowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthatisicecold.Well,manypeoplearetakingtheplunge,basedonevidencethatitcanactuallybegoodforus.
Cold-waterswimming—sometimescalledwildswimming—involvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingingivesashortsharpshocktothebody,butmanyparticipantssaytheygetusedtoit.Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthan
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