ICAO英语考试总结.docx
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ICAO英语考试总结.docx
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ICAO英语考试总结
ICAO英语考试总结
D
Tricyclegeararrangement前三点shockstrut减震支柱bumper减震器
Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄
Nosewheelarrangementadvantages:
1)itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.
2)itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing
3)ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC.Gforwardofthemaingear.
Landinggearsafetydevises:
1)Mechanicaldownlock----------topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanicaldownlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled.
2)Safetyswitches-----------------Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherastheshockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.
3)Groundlock----------------onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.
2HYDRAULICSYSTEM
第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的,建议这个系统多熟悉一下
Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:
Landinggears,wingflaps,slats,speedandwheelbrakes,nosewheelsteering,
Primaryflightsurfaces
hydraulicsystemcomponents:
anenginedrivenpump,afilter,areservoir,apressureregulator,anaccumulator,
apressuregauge,areliefvalve,anemergencypump,twocheckvalves,
aselectorvalve,anactuatingcylinder
operation
theenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.Thepumpdrawsfluidfromreservoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthepressurecanbebuiltup.thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthedesiredpressureinthesystemachieved.thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve.Intheeventofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaseanypressureabovethatmaintainedbytheregulator.
3AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEM
Thecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingandcoolingthecockpitandcabinspaces.Thisairalsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafeandcomfortablecabinenvironment.Someoftheairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodernaircraftutilizeairturbinerefrigeratingunitstosupplycooledair.Thesearecalledaircyclesystem.
Functionofairconditioningsystem:
Tomaintainacomfortabletemperaturewithinthefuselage.Inatypicalsystemthetemperatureismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredsettingofthetemperaturecontrols.
1supplyventilationair
2supplyheatedair
3supplycooledair
Functionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:
Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansofselectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.
4WINGTIPDEVICES-----------improvetheefficiencyoffixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthewingtips.
5APU-------AUXILIARYPOWERUNIT
Function-----toprovidepowertostartthemainengines.Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoahighrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforself-sustainingoperation.Beforeenginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator.OncetheAPUisrunning,itprovidespower(electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign)tostarttheaircraft'smainengines.
APUsfittedtoETOPS(Extended-rangeTwin-engineOperations)aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompressedairinplaceofthedeadengineorfailedmainenginegenerator.
三)特勤处置
先说一下CRM-----COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
CRM包括4部分
1:
establishgoodcommunicationwithcrewmembers,sothatwecanpreventandcorrectanymistakes.
2:
takefulladvantageofthefacilitiesonboardandthegroundnavaids.
3:
operatetheaircraftstrictlyaccordingtothemanualandSOPs.
4:
complywiththeaviationregulations.
关于EMERGENCY,处置
1staycalm,maintaintherightconfigurationandattitude.
2thecrewmembersshouldaccomplisheachother’sownduty,findthecauseanddotherightchecklist,followstandardprocedures.
3reporttoATCyourlocation,situationonboard,andintention.Requestlandingpriorityifpossible.
这里只是提供一个大致框架,具体特勤具体分析,如ENGINEFAILURE,BOMBONBOARD,GEARJAM等,具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。
关于SICKPASSENGERONBOARD的处置:
4havethecabinattendanttotakefirstaid
5informthepassengerstofindifthere’sdoctoronboardsothatwecanaskforhelp
6informtheATC,requestlandingpriorityordiverttothenearestsuitableairport,andrequestambulanceanddoctorsreadyatlanding
我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFERFROMHEARTATTACK的乘客
四)口试
OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题,所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。
说的直白一点,这几部分就是和考官扯淡,但是扯淡要注意尺度,不要使劲扯,扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。
这里部分会过渡到一些飞行相关的问题。
分院,飞行经历,所飞机型,小时数,所遇特勤,职业特性,基本可以概括为一次完整的飞行过程。
建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章,涵盖以上一些信息。
到时候遇到可以触类旁通,把你准备的说出来。
同时也是做一个引导,引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题,这样会比较占主动性。
E.G:
Thatchoosingtobeapilotasmycareermakesmeproudandmakesmyfamilyproud.Thisisanoblejob.Comeon,thinkaboutit.Becauseofourworks,aboycanmeethisbonnylass,afatherbackfrombusinesstripcangivehisdaughterawarmhug,businessmencansigntheircontractsintime,andpackagesaredeliveredtoyourdoorontime.Allthesegivemeafeelingofsuccess,afeelingofhappiness.Andbesides,thisisajobwithgoodsalaryandcomparativelyhighsocialstatus.Iusedtoconsiderthatit’seasytobeapilot.Youknow,justliketheunprofessionalpeoplethinks:
pilotsengagetheAPaftertakeoff,thenplannedroute,plannedlevel,plannedeverything.AllthepilotsneedtodoisdisengagingtheAPwhentheaircraftcomestotheshortfinal,andmakeaperfectlanding,taxitotherightgate.That’sall.Itlookseasyandseemsthateverybodycandothat.ButI’vechangedmymindafterallthethingsI’vebeenthroughintheGUANGHANflightcollegewhereIactuallylearnthowtocontrolandmanageanaircraftandhowtobeaprofessionalpilot.There’salongwaytogo,andthattakestime.TheveryfirstruleIlearnistobepatient,always.Andthereisa“13-hours-checkride”whichissettocheckwhetherthestudentisskillfulortalentedenoughtobeapilot.Thisisacruelcheckforthestudents,andsomearedoomedtofail.Isweatedmyshirtandtheheadphonethatdayinthecockpit.Butluckyme,Ipassed.ThisisthemostprecioustreasureinmylifethatIwishIwouldneverexperienceagain.
附加:
各个系统词汇
AirConditioningSystem
PACK空调主件HOTBLEEDAIR热引气
OUTLETDUCT外流管BYPASSVALVE旁通活门RAMAIR冲压空气
INLETSCOOP进气口TRIMAIRVALVE调节空气
EXTRACTORFAN排气风扇GUARDEDFLAP有保护盖的导片
BLOWER鼓风机EXTRCTOR排风扇OVERBOARD机外
ONBOARD机上OPEN-CIRCUIT开路CLOSED-CIRCUIT闭路
CONFIGURATION形态PASSENGERLOAD乘客载荷DOWNSTREAM下游
STANDINGWATER积水ATLN(ALTERNATE)备份CHANNEL通道
PNEUMATIC气源DUAL双的SWITCHOVER交换
PRE-COOLER预冷机COOLANT冷却剂AMBER琥珀色
VENTILATION通风CIRCUITBREAKER跳开关PRESSURIZATION(增压)
FLAPPERVALVES瓣状活门PROFILE剖面TOGGLE扳钮开关
VACUUM真空ISAOBARIC等压BAROMETRIC气压
PRESSUREDIFFERENTIALS压差ANEROIDSWITCH膜盒气压
STBY(STANDBY)备份DCDIRECTCURRENCY直流电
DITCH水上迫降SUPERCHARGER增压器INADVERTENT偶然的
LEAKAGE漏、渗APRON停机坪CEILING顶板ACCESSORY副件
THROTTLELEVER油门杆CRUISE巡航
NEGATIVERELIEFVALVE负压释放活门POSITIVEPRESSURE正压
AIRPORTELEVATION机场标高AUTOPILOT(自动驾驶)
MOMENTUM动量MIMICKING模仿GLARE-SHIELD遮光板
Performance
ACTUATORS制动器SURVEILLANCE监视QUADRANT油门操纵杆
FLEX(FLEXIBLE)灵活的
MCT(MAXIMUMCONTINUETHRUST)最大连续推力
ELEVATORS升降舵AILERON副翼NAVAID助航
SID(STANDARDINSTRUMENTDEPARTURE)标准仪表离场
STAR(STANDARDTERMINALARRIVALROUTE)标准进场程序
MISSEDAPPROACH(GOAROUND)复飞
DYNAMIC动力的AUGMENTATION增加、增益
FLIGHTENVELOPE飞行包线
CDU(CONTOLDISPLAYUNIT)控制显示组件
FMA(FLIGHTMODEANNUNCIATOR)飞行方式显示器
ADIRS(AIRDATAANDINERTIALREFERENCESYSTEM)大气数据及惯性基准系统
MCP(MODECONTROLPANEL)方式控制面板
GPS(GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEM)全球定位系统
FLARE平飘TOUCHDOWN接地点FLY-BY-WIRE电传操纵
ACELEROMETER加速器ALIGNMENT对准、校准
SERVOMOTOR伺服马达GYROSCOPE陀螺
THRUSTREDUCTIONALT减推力高度REVERSE反推
ARM预位FPA(FLIGHTPATHANGLE)飞行航径角LOCALIZER航向道
IDLE慢车DETENT卡位FPV(FLIGHTPATHVECTOR)飞行航径矢量
CRM(COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT)驾驶舱资源管理
PF(PILOT-FLIGHT)把杆飞行员
PFD(PRIMARYFLIGHTDISPLAY)主飞行显示PULLEY滑轮ROLL滑跑
SCROLL翻动、卷起SLEW上下选页VELOCITY速度
DATABASELOADER数据库装载机
ALPHA/NUMERICKEYBOARD字母/数字键盘
DYNAMICANDBACKGROUDDATA动态和背景数据
TROPOPAUSE对流层顶ALIGNMENT校准
EFOB(ESTIMATEDFUELONBOARD)预计机上燃油
ETA(ESTIMATEDTIMEOFARRIVING)预计到达时间
ADC(AIRDATACOMPUTER)大气数据计算机
CRT(CATHODERAYTUBE)阴极射线管
LSK(LINESELECTKEY)行选键TERMINALAREA终端区域
COORDINATE经纬度RNVAAREANAVIGATION区域导航EN-ROUTE在航路上
CFDS(CENTRALIZEDFAULTDISPLAYSYSTEM)集中显示系统
VIBRATIONS振动IMPULSES脉冲CURVATURE弯曲曲度
TRANSCEIVER无线电收发机
INTERPHONE内话机EVACUATION疏散
KNOB旋钮BUZZER蜂鸣声
FLIGHTCONTROLSYSTEM
REJECTEDT/O中断起飞CONVENTIONAL通用的
WHEEL驾驶盘COLUMN驾驶杆PEDAL脚蹬
SURFACE舵面RUDDER方向舵SPEED-BRAKE减速板
FLAP襟翼STABTRIM调整片OVERRIDESWITCH超控电门
AWDAMPER偏航阻尼器CENTERINGMECHANISM定中机械SWEEPBACK后掠
SPOILER扰流板JAM卡阻ROLL滚转(横滚)PITCH俯仰
STABILIZER安定面YAW偏航YAWDAMPERRATEGYRO偏航率陀螺仪
LONGITUDINALAXIS纵轴VERTICALAXIS垂轴LATERALAXIS横轴
ACTUATINGCYLINDER作动筒AIRFOIL翼部面
SECONDARYFLIGHTCONTROL辅助飞行操纵
HIGHLIFTDEVICE增升装置
TRAILINGEDGE(TE)后缘LEADINGEDGE(LE)前缘
POWERTRANSFERUNIT(PTU)动力传输装置STALL失速
MANEUVER机动飞行INBOARD内侧OURBOARD外侧
SLOTTED开缝的THREESLOTTEDFLAP三开缝襟翼DRAG阻力
COMPARATOR比较仪ROLLRATE滚转率MIXER混合器
DEFLECTION偏转AERODYNAMICMEANCHORD平均空气动力弦
TORQUE扭力JACK千斤顶
FIREPROTECTION
OVERHEAT超温FIREDETECTION探火FIREDETECTIONLOOP探火环
FIREALERT火警戒FAULTMONITORINGCIRCUIT失效监控电路
WARNINGBELL火警铃GROUNDPROXIMITY近地
ENGINEINDICATINGANDCREWALERTINGSYSTEM(EICAS)发动机指示和机组警戒系统
ENGINENACELLE发动机舱CARGOCOMPARTMENT货舱
MALFUNCTION失效SMOKEDETECTION烟雾探测LOCKDOWN下锁
SHUTDOWN关车UNLOCK开锁TRIP
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